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(1). As for seeking forgiveness without repentance, it does not necessarily result in forgiveness, though it is one of the means by which forgiveness may be attained.
[The Third Cause: Righteous Deeds]
Allah Most High says:
“Indeed, good deeds erase evil deeds.”
[Surah Hūd: 114]
The Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—said [to Muādh ibn Jabal by way of counsel:
“O Muādh, be mindful of Allah wherever you are. Follow a bad deed with a good deed, and it will erase it; and treat people with good character.”
(2).
It is recorded in the Sahih that he—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—said] (3):
“The five daily prayers, one Friday prayer to the next, and one Ramadan to the next are expiations for whatever occurs between them, provided the major sins are avoided.”
Both compilers recorded it in the two Sahih collections (4).
It is recorded in the Sahih that the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—said: “Whoever fasts Ramadan
(1) The words between square brackets are omitted from (N) and (M), which instead read: “Turn in repentance to your Lord and submit to Him”—to the end of the verse. This therefore applies to one who repents.
(2) The hadith is narrated in this wording, but without the phrase “O Muādh,” from Abū Dharr al-Ghifārī—may Allah be pleased with him—in *Sunan al-Tirmidhī*, 3:239 (Book of Righteousness and Maintaining Ties, chapter: “What Has Been Related about Social Relations with People”). Al-Tirmidhī said: “A report on this topic is also narrated from Abū Hurayra. This is a hasan sahīh (good and authentic) hadith.” Al-Tirmidhī then cited another hadith on p. 240 whose chain begins: “Mahmūd ibn Ghaylān narrated to us,” from Muādh ibn Jabal, from the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—with similar wording. Mahmūd said: “The correct narration is the hadith of Abū Dharr.” The hadith of Abū Dharr also appears in *Sunan al-Dārimī*, 2:323 (Book of Heart-Softening Traditions, chapter: “Good Character”), and *al-Musnad*, al-Halabī ed., 5:153. At its conclusion, Wakī said: “Sufyān once narrated it from Muādh, but I found in my book: ‘from Abū Dharr’; that was the version I had first heard.” The hadith appears again at 5:158, and solely through Abū Dharr at 5:177. The version beginning, “O Muādh,” is narrated from Muādh in *al-Musnad*, al-Halabī ed., 5:228–236. Al-Albānī graded the hadith narrated from Abū Dharr, Muādh, and Anas as hasan in *Sahīh al-Jāmi al-Saghīr*, 1:86.
(3) The words between square brackets are omitted from (N) and (M).
(4) This hadith was cited previously at 5:198.
(١)
. وَأَمَّا الِاسْتِغْفَارُ بِدُونِ التَّوْبَةِ، فَهَذَا لَا يَسْتَلْزِمُ الْمَغْفِرَةَ، وَلَكِنْ هُوَ سَبَبٌ مِنَ الْأَسْبَابِ.
[السبب الثالث الأعمال الصالحة]
ُ؛
فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى يَقُولُ:
{إِنَّ الْحَسَنَاتِ يُذْهِبْنَ السَّيِّئَاتِ}
[سُورَةُ هُودٍ: ١١٤]
وَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ -
[لِمُعَاذِ بْنِ جَبَلٍ يُوصِيهِ:
"
«يَا مُعَاذُ اتَّقِ اللَّهَ حَيْثُمَا كُنْتَ، وَأَتْبِعِ السَّيِّئَةَ الْحَسَنَةَ تَمْحُهَا، وَخَالِقِ النَّاسَ بِخُلُقٍ حَسَنٍ»
"
(٢)
.
وَفِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْهُ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - أَنَّهُ قَالَ]
(٣)
:
"
«الصَّلَوَاتُ الْخَمْسُ، وَالْجُمُعَةُ إِلَى الْجُمُعَةِ، وَرَمَضَانُ إِلَى رَمَضَانَ كَفَّارَاتٌ لِمَا بَيْنَهُنَّ إِذَا اجْتُنِبَتِ الْكَبَائِرُ»
"
أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ
(٤)
.
وَفِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ -: " «مَنْ صَامَ رَمَضَانَ
(١) مَا بَيْنَ الْمَعْقُوفَتَيْنِ سَاقِطٌ مِنْ (ن) ، (م) وَجَاءَتْ بَدَلًا مِنْهُ: وَأَنِيبُوا إِلَى رَبِّكُمْ وَأَسْلِمُوا لَهُ الْآيَةَ، فَهَذِهِ لِمَنْ تَابَ.
(٢) جَاءَ الْحَدِيثُ بِهَذَا اللَّفْظِ بِدُونِ عِبَارَةِ: يَا مُعَاذُ، عَنْ أَبِي ذَرٍّ الْغِفَارِيِّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ فِي: سُنَنِ التِّرْمِذِيِّ ٣/٢٣٩ (كِتَابُ الْبِرِّ وَالصِّلَةِ، بَابُ مَا جَاءَ فِي مُعَاشَرَةِ النَّاسِ) وَقَالَ التِّرْمِذِيُّ: وَفِي الْبَابِ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، هَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ. ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ التِّرْمِذِيُّ حَدِيثًا بَعْدَهُ ص ٢٤٠ وَأَوَّلُ سَنَدِهِ: حَدَّثَنَا مَحْمُودُ بْنُ غَيْلَانَ، عَنْ مُعَاذِ بْنِ جَبَلٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ نَحْوَهُ. قَالَ مَحْمُودٌ: وَالصَّحِيحُ حَدِيثُ أَبِي ذَرٍّ. وَجَاءَ حَدِيثُ أَبِي ذَرٍّ فِي سُنَنِ الدَّارِمِيِّ ٢/٣٢٣ (كِتَابُ الرُّقَاقِ، بَابٌ فِي حُسْنِ الْخُلُقِ) الْمُسْنَدِ ط. الْحَلَبِيِّ ٥/١٥٣ وَفِي آخِرِهِ: وَقَالَ وَكِيعٌ: وَقَالَ سُفْيَانُ مَرَّةً عَنْ مُعَاذٍ، فَوَجَدْتُ فِي كِتَابِي عَنْ أَبِي ذَرٍّ وَهُوَ السَّمَاعُ الْأَوَّلُ. وَجَاءَ الْحَدِيثُ مَرَّةً أُخْرَى ٥/١٥٨ وَجَاءَ الْحَدِيثُ عَنْ أَبِي ذَرٍّ فَقَطْ ٥/١٧٧ وَجَاءَ الْحَدِيثُ، وَأَوَّلُهُ: يَا مُعَاذُ. عَنْ مُعَاذٍ فِي الْمُسْنَدِ ط. الْحَلَبِيِّ ٥/٢٢٨ - ٢٣٦ وَحَسَّنَ الْأَلْبَانِيُّ الْحَدِيثَ عَنْ أَبِي ذَرٍّ وَمُعَاذٍ وَأَنَسٍ فِي صَحِيحِ الْجَامِعِ الصَّغِيرِ ١/٨٦
(٣) مَا بَيْنَ الْمَعْقُوفَتَيْنِ سَاقِطٌ مِنْ (ن) ، (م) .
(٤) سَبَقَ الْحَدِيثُ فِيمَا مَضَى ٥/١٩٨