Minhaj as-Sunnah - Ibn Taimiya - (6/205)

Minhaj as-SunnahIbn Taimiya

these people for whom Paradise is attested; and the man who killed Ammār ibn Yāsir was Abū al-Ghādiya (1). It has been said that he was among those who took the Pledge of Ridwān; Ibn Hazm mentioned this.

We therefore attest that Ammār is in Paradise and that his killer—if he was among [those who took] the Pledge of Ridwān (2)—is also in Paradise. As for Uthmān, Alī, Talha, and al-Zubayr, they are of far greater standing than others. Whatever may have occurred on their part, we do not attest that any one of them was incapable of sinning. Rather, what we attest is that if any one of them sinned, Allah will not punish him in the Hereafter or admit him into the Fire, but will unquestionably admit him into Paradise. Punishment in the Hereafter will be removed from him, whether through his repentance, his many good deeds (3), his expiatory afflictions, or some other means, as we have explained at length elsewhere.

[Punishment for sins in the Hereafter is averted by approximately ten causes]

[The first cause: repentance]

For sins committed by any believer are, in themselves, a cause of punishment; yet punishment for them in Hell in the Hereafter is averted by approximately ten causes.

(1) (H) and (B): “Abū al-Ghāwiya.” The word is unclear in (R). He is Abū al-Ghādiya al-Juhanī. Ibn al-Athīr states in *Usd al-Ghāba*, 6/237: “His name is disputed: it is said to have been Yasār ibn Uzayhir, while others say that his name was Muslim.” Ibn Abd al-Barr states in *al-Istīāb* (marginal edition), 4/150: “It is said that he was Yasār ibn Sab, Yasār ibn Azhar, or that his name was Muslim.” Ibn Hajar states in *al-Isāba*, 4/150: “He resided in Syria. Abū al-Ghādiya al-Juhanī, the killer of Ammār, was a Companion.” He distinguished him from Abū al-Ghādiya al-Muzanī. See *al-Isāba*, 3/627 and 4/150–151; *al-Istīāb*, 3/629 and 4/150–151; and *Usd al-Ghāba*, 5/513 and 6/237. Al-Dhahabī states in *al-Ibar*, 1/42, that Abū al-Ghādiya al-Juhanī was present at Siffīn with Muāwiya in 37 AH. Ibn Hazm mentions him twice in *Jawāmi al-Sīra*, pp. 308 and 322, among the Companions who narrated hadith. (2) (N) and (M): “and [we attest] that the killer, who was among those who took the Pledge of Ridwān, is in Paradise.” “Those” is omitted from (N). (3) (N): “or through his avoidance of major sins.”

هَؤُلَاءِ الْمَشْهُودِ لَهُمْ بِالْجَنَّةِ، وَالَّذِي قَتَلَ عَمَّارَ بْنَ يَاسِرٍ هُوَ أَبُو الْغَادِيَةِ (١) ، وَقَدْ قِيلَ: إِنَّهُ مِنْ أَهْلِ بَيْعَةِ الرِّضْوَانِ، ذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ ابْنُ حَزْمٍ. فَنَحْنُ نَشْهَدُ لِعَمَّارٍ بِالْجَنَّةِ، وَلِقَاتِلِهِ إِنْ كَانَ مِنْ [أَهْلِ] بَيْعَةِ الرِّضْوَانِ (٢) بِالْجَنَّةِ. وَأَمَّا عُثْمَانُ وَعَلِيٌّ وَطِلْحَةُ وَالزُّبَيْرُ فَهُمْ أَجَّلُ قَدْرًا مِنْ غَيْرِهِمْ، وَلَوْ كَانَ مِنْهُمْ مَا كَانَ، فَنَحْنُ لَا نَشْهَدُ أَنَّ الْوَاحِدَ مِنْ هَؤُلَاءِ لَا يُذْنِبُ، بَلِ الَّذِي نَشْهَدُ بِهِ أَنَّ الْوَاحِدَ مِنْ هَؤُلَاءِ إِذَا أَذْنَبَ، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يُعَذِّبُهُ فِي الْآخِرَةِ، وَلَا يُدْخِلُهُ النَّارَ، بَلْ يُدْخِلُهُ الْجَنَّةَ بِلَا رَيْبٍ، وَعُقُوبَةُ الْآخِرَةِ تَزُولُ عَنْهُ: إِمَّا بِتَوْبَةٍ مِنْهُ، وَإِمَّا بِحَسَنَاتِهِ الْكَثِيرَةِ (٣) ، وَإِمَّا بِمَصَائِبِهِ الْمُكَفِّرَةِ، وَإِمَّا بِغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ، كَمَا قَدْ بَسَطْنَاهُ فِي مَوْضِعِهِ. [العقوبة عن الذنوب في الآخرة تندفع بنحو عشرة أسباب] [السبب الأول التوبة] فَإِنَّ الذُّنُوبَ مُطْلَقًا مِنْ جَمِيعِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ هِيَ سَبَبُ الْعَذَابِ، لَكِنَّ الْعُقُوبَةَ بِهَا فِي الْآخِرَةِ فِي جَهَنَّمَ تَنْدَفِعُ بِنَحْوِ عَشَرَةِ أَسْبَابٍ.

(١) ح، ب: أَبُو الْغَاوِيَةِ، وَالْكَلِمَةُ غَيْرُ وَاضِحَةٍ فِي (ر) وَهُوَ أَبُو الْغَادِيَةِ الْجُهَنِيُّ، قَالَ ابْنُ الْأَثِيرِ فِي أُسْدِ الْغَابَةِ ٦/٢٣٧: اخْتُلِفَ فِي اسْمِهِ فَقِيلَ: يَسَارُ بْنُ أُزَيْهِرٍ، وَقِيلَ: اسْمُهُ مُسْلِمٌ، وَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبْدِ الْبَرِّ فِي الِاسْتِيعَابِ هَامِشِ ٤/١٥٠: فَقِيلَ: يَسَارُ بْنُ سَبْعٍ، وَقِيلَ: يَسَارُ بْنُ أَزْهَرَ، وَقِيلَ: اسْمُهُ مُسْلِمٌ، وَقَالَ ابْنُ حَجَرٍ فِي الْإِصَابَةِ ٤/١٥٠: سَكَنَ الشَّامَ، أَبُو الْغَادِيَةِ الْجُهَنِيُّ قَاتِلُ عَمَّارٍ لَهُ صُحْبَةٌ، وَفَرَّقَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ أَبِي الْغَادِيَةِ الْمُزَنِيِّ، انْظُرِ الْإِصَابَةَ ٣/٦٢٧، ٤/١٥١ - ١٥٠، الِاسْتِيعَابَ ٣/٦٢٩، ٤/١٥٠ - ١٥١ أُسْدَ الْغَابَةِ ٥/٥١٣، ٦/٢٣٧ وَقَالَ الذَّهَبِيُّ فِي الْعِبَرِ ١/٤٢: إِنَّهُ شَهِدَ صِفِّينَ مَعَ مُعَاوِيَةَ أَبُو الْغَادِيَةِ الْجُهَنِيُّ سَنَةَ ٣٧ وَذَكَرَهُ ابْنُ حَزْمٍ فِي جَوَامِعِ السِّيرَةِ مَرَّتَيْنِ ص ٣٠٨، ٣٢٢ ضِمْنَ الصَّحَابَةِ رُوَاةِ الْحَدِيثِ. (٢) ن، م: وَلِلْقَاتِلِ الَّذِي هُوَ مِنْ أَهْلِ - سَقَطَتْ (أَهْلِ) مِنْ (ن) - بَيْعَةِ الرِّضْوَانِ. (٣) ن: وَإِمَّا بِاجْتِنَابِهِ الْكَبِيرَةَ.