Minhaj as-Sunnah - Ibn Taimiya - (6/199)

Minhaj as-SunnahIbn Taimiya

Yet Uthmān’s partisans were less extreme in their veneration of him than Alī’s partisans were regarding Alī. We have not heard of any of them attributing divinity or prophethood specifically to him, nor have we heard of anyone believing this regarding Abū Bakr or Umar.

Some who go to extremes regarding shaykhs as a class and believe that God indwells them, that they are united with Him, or that they are infallible (1), may say the same of these men; however, they do not single them out for such beliefs.

Many of Uthmān’s partisans who were biased against Alī, however, believed that whenever Allah appoints a caliph, He accepts (2) his good deeds, overlooks his evil deeds, and that the caliph must be obeyed in everything he commands. This was the doctrine of many elders and scholars of the pro-Uthmān faction.

For this reason, when Sulaymān ibn Abd al-Malik performed Hajj and discussed the matter with Abū Hāzim, Abū Hāzim said to him:

“O Commander of the Faithful, Allah Most High says:

‘O David, We have appointed you as a vicegerent on earth, so judge between people with truth and do not follow desire, lest it lead you astray from the way of Allah. Indeed, those who stray from the way of Allah will suffer a severe punishment because they forgot the Day of Reckoning.’

[Surah Sād: 26]”

Abū Hāzim’s admonition to Sulaymān is well known (3).

(1) (B) reads: “indwelling, union, and infallibility”; (H) and (R) read: “indwelling and union, or infallibility.” (2) (H) and (R) read: “are accepted.” (3) Abū Hāzim was Salama ibn Dīnār al-Makhzūmī, known as Abū Hāzim al-Araj. He was a scholar and judge of Medina, as well as a devout worshipper and ascetic. He died in 140 AH. See his biography in *Tahdhīb al-Tahdhīb*, 4/143–144; *Tadhkirat al-Huffāz*, 1/133–134; and *al-Alām*, 3/171–172. For his admonition to Sulaymān ibn Abd al-Malik, see *Hilyat al-Awliyā*, 3/234–237, and *Sifat al-Safwa*, 2/89–90.

لَكِنَّ شِيعَتَهُ أَقَلُّ غُلُوًّا فِيهِ مِنْ شِيعَةِ عَلِيٍّ، فَمَا بَلَغَنَا أَنَّ أَحَدًا مِنْهُمُ اعْتَقَدَ فِيهِ بِخُصُوصِهِ إِلَاهِيَّةً وَلَا نُبُوَّةً، وَلَا بَلَغَنَا أَنَّ أَحَدًا اعْتَقَدَ ذَلِكَ فِي أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ. لَكِنْ قَدْ يَكُونُ بَعْضُ مَنْ يَغْلُو فِي جِنْسِ الْمَشَايِخِ، وَيَعْتَقِدُ فِيهِمُ الْحُلُولَ أَوِ الِاتِّحَادَ أَوِ الْعِصْمَةَ (١) ، يَقُولُ ذَلِكَ فِي هَؤُلَاءِ، لَكِنْ لَا يَخُصُّهُمْ بِذَلِكَ. وَلَكِنْ شِيعَةُ عُثْمَانَ، الَّذِينَ كَانَ فِيهِمِ انْحِرَافٌ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، كَانَ كَثِيرٌ مِنْهُمْ يَعْتَقِدُ أَنَّ اللَّهَ إِذَا اسْتَخْلَفَ خَلِيفَةً يَقْبَلُ (٢) مِنْهُ الْحَسَنَاتِ وَيَتَجَاوَزُ لَهُ عَنِ السَّيِّئَاتِ، وَأَنَّهُ يَجِبُ طَاعَتُهُ فِي كُلِّ مَا يَأْمُرُ بِهِ. وَهُوَ مَذْهَبُ كَثِيرٍ مِنْ شُيُوخِ الشِّيعَةِ الْعُثْمَانِيَّةِ وَعُلَمَائِهَا. وَلِهَذَا لَمَّا حَجَّ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ، وَتَكَلَّمَ مَعَ أَبِي حَازِمٍ فِي ذَلِكَ، قَالَ لَهُ أَبُو حَازِمٍ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى يَقُولُ: {يَادَاوُدُ إِنَّا جَعَلْنَاكَ خَلِيفَةً فِي الْأَرْضِ فَاحْكُمْ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ بِالْحَقِّ وَلَا تَتَّبِعِ الْهَوَى فَيُضِلَّكَ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَضِلُّونَ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ شَدِيدٌ بِمَا نَسُوا يَوْمَ الْحِسَابِ} [سُورَةُ ص: ٢٦] . وَمَوْعِظَةُ أَبِي حَازِمٍ لِسُلَيْمَانَ مَعْرُوفَةٌ (٣) .

(١) ب: الْحُلُولَ وَالِاتِّحَادَ وَالْعِصْمَةَ، ح، ر: الْحُلُولَ وَالِاتِّحَادَ أَوِ الْعِصْمَةَ. (٢) ح، ر: تُقْبَلُ. (٣) أَبُو حَازِمٍ هُوَ سَلَمَةُ بْنُ دِينَارٍ الْمَخْزُومِيُّ، أَبُو حَازِمٍ الْأَعْرَجُ، عَالِمُ الْمَدِينَةِ وَقَاضِيهَا، كَانَ عَابِدًا زَاهِدًا، تُوُفِّيَ سَنَةَ ١٤٠، انْظُرْ تَرْجَمَتَهُ فِي تَهْذِيبِ التَّهْذِيبِ ٤/١٤٣ - ١٤٤ تَذْكِرَةِ الْحُفَّاظِ ١/١٣٣ - ١٣٤، الْأَعْلَامِ ٣/١٧١ - ١٧٢ وَانْظُرْ مَوْعِظَتَهُ لِسُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ فِي حِلْيَةِ الْأَوْلِيَاءِ ٣/٢٣٤ - ٢٣٧ صِفَةِ الصَّفْوَةِ ٢/٨٩ - ٩٠