16
his son, and that his son designated his other son, and so on.
It is well known that if appointing close relatives is objectionable, then appointing someone to the supreme caliphate is a far graver matter than placing him in charge of certain administrative offices (1). Appointing one’s children is also more open to objection than appointing one’s paternal cousins. Hence, according to one of the two scholarly opinions, an agent or guardian who may not make a purchase for himself may not make it for his son [either] (2). Likewise, according to one of their opinions, a person entrusted with money to give to whomever he wishes (3) may neither take it for himself nor give it to his child.
They likewise differed over the caliphate: may a caliph designate his son as his successor? There are two opinions. A man’s testimony in favor of his son is rejected by most scholars, whereas his testimony in favor of his paternal cousins is not rejected. The same applies to other such rulings.
This is because the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—said:
“You and your wealth belong to your father.” (4)
He also said:
“No giver may take back his gift, except a father with respect to what he has given his child.” (5)
(1) (N) and (M) read: “than your appointing him to command some officials.” (R) reads: “greater than command over certain administrative districts.”
(2) “Also” is omitted from (N) and (M).
(3) (H) and (B) read: “to whomever he wishes.”
(4) The hadith of Jābir ibn Abd Allāh—may Allah be pleased with him—is recorded in *Sunan Ibn Mājah*, 2:769 (Book of Commercial Transactions, chapter “What a Man May Take from His Child’s Wealth”). The annotation states: “In *al-Zawāʾid*: Its chain of transmission is authentic, and its transmitters are trustworthy according to al-Bukhārī’s criteria.” Al-Haythamī cited the hadith through several chains and with similar wordings in the Book of Sales, chapter “A Child’s Wealth,” 4:154–155, and discussed it. In *al-Jāmi al-Saghīr*, al-Suyūtī stated that Ibn Mājah narrated it from Jābir, while al-Tabarānī narrated it from Samura and Ibn Masūd. Al-Albānī authenticated the hadith in *Sahīh al-Jāmi al-Saghīr*, 2:25, and discussed its chains and wordings in detail in *Irwāʾ al-Ghalīl*, 3:323–330, no. 838.
(5) The hadith of Ibn Umar and Ibn Abbās—may Allah be pleased with them—is recorded in *Sunan Abī Dāwūd*, 3:394–395 (Book of Sales and Leases, chapter “Taking Back a Gift”). Its wording is: “It is not lawful for a man to give something or bestow a gift and then take it back, except for a father regarding what he gives his child. The likeness of one who gives something and then takes it back is that of a dog that eats until it is full, vomits, and then returns to its vomit.” The hadith is also recorded with similar wording in *Sunan al-Tirmidhī*, 3:299 (Book of Clientage and Gifts, chapter “The Reprehensibility of Taking Back a Gift”); al-Tirmidhī said: “This is a *hasan sahīh* hadith.” See also *Sunan al-Nasāʾī*, 6:222–223 (Book of Gifts, chapter “A Father Taking Back What He Gave His Child”), and *al-Musnad*, al-Maārif edition, nos. 2119, 4810, and 5493. Ahmad Shākir—may Allah have mercy on him—authenticated the hadith.
وَلَدِهِ، وَوَلَدِهِ عَلَى وَلَدِهِ الْآخَرِ، وَهَلُمَّ جَرًّا.
وَمِنَ الْمَعْلُومِ أَنَّهُ إِنْ كَانَ تَوْلِيَةُ الْأَقْرَبِينَ مُنْكَرًا، فَتَوْلِيَةُ الْخِلَافَةِ الْعُظْمَى أَعْظَمُ مِنْ إِمَارَةِ بَعْضِ الْأَعْمَالِ
(١)
، وَتَوْلِيَةُ الْأَوْلَادِ أَقْرَبُ إِلَى الْإِنْكَارِ مِنْ تَوْلِيَةِ بَنِي الْعَمِّ. وَلِهَذَا كَانَ الْوَكِيلُ وَالْوَلِيُّ الَّذِي لَا يَشْتَرِي لِنَفْسِهِ لَا يَشْتَرِي لِابْنِهِ
[أَيْضًا]
(٢)
فِي أَحَدِ قَوْلَيِ الْعُلَمَاءِ، وَالَّذِي دَفَعَ إِلَيْهِ الْمَالَ لِيُعْطِيَهُ لِمَنْ يَشَاءُ
(٣)
لَا يَأْخُذُهُ لِنَفْسِهِ وَلَا يُعْطِيهُ لِوَلَدِهِ فِي أَحَدِ قَوْلَيْهِمْ.
وَكَذَلِكَ تَنَازَعُوا فِي الْخِلَافَةِ:
هَلْ لِلْخَلِيفَةِ أَنْ يُوصِيَ بِهَا لِوَلَدِهِ؟ عَلَى قَوْلَيْنِ. وَالشَّهَادَةُ لِابْنِهِ مَرْدُودَةٌ عِنْدَ أَكْثَرِ الْعُلَمَاءِ. وَلَا تُرَدُّ الشَّهَادَةُ لِبَنِي عَمِّهِ. وَهَكَذَا غَيْرُ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْأَحْكَامِ.
وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ -
قَالَ:
"
«أَنْتَ وَمَالُكَ لِأَبِيكَ»
"
(٤)
.
وَقَالَ:
"
«لَيْسَ لِوَاهِبٍ أَنْ يَرْجِعَ فِي هِبَتِهِ إِلَّا الْوَالِدُ فِيمَا وَهَبَهُ لِوَلَدِهِ»
"
.
(٥)
(١) ن، م: مِنْ تُوَلِّيهِ إِمْرَةَ بَعْضِ الْعُمَّالِ، ر: أَعْظَمُ مِنْ إِمْرَةِ بَعْضِ الْأَعْمَالِ.
(٢) أَيْضًا: سَاقِطَةٌ مِنْ (ن) ، (م) .
(٣) ح، ب: لِمَنْ شَاءَ.
(٤) الْحَدِيثُ عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ فِي: سُنَنِ ابْنِ مَاجَهْ ٢/٧٦٩ (كِتَابُ التِّجَارَاتِ، بَابُ مَا لِلرَّجُلِ مِنْ مَالٍ وَلَدِهِ) وَجَاءَ فِي التَّعْلِيقِ: فِي الزَّوَائِدِ: إِسْنَادُهُ صَحِيحٌ وَرِجَالُهُ ثِقَاتٌ عَلَى شَرْطِ الْبُخَارِيِّ، وَأَوْرَدَ الْهَيْثَمِيُّ الْحَدِيثَ فِي كِتَابِ الْبُيُوعِ فِي بَابِ مَالِ الْوَلَدِ ٤/١٥٤ - ١٥٥ مِنْ عِدَّةِ طُرُقٍ وَبِأَلْفَاظٍ مُتَقَارِبَةٍ وَتَكَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِ، وَقَالَ السُّيُوطِيُّ فِي الْجَامِعِ الصَّغِيرِ عَنِ الْحَدِيثِ: إِنَّ ابْنَ مَاجَهْ رَوَاهُ عَنْ جَابِرٍ، وَإِنَّ الطَّبَرَانِيَّ رَوَاهُ عَنْ سَمُرَةَ وَابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، وَصَحَّحَ الْأَلْبَانِيُّ الْحَدِيثَ فِي صَحِيحِ الْجَامِعِ الصَّغِيرِ، ٢/٢٥ وَتَكَلَّمْ كَلَامًا مُفَصَّلًا عَلَى طُرُقِهِ وَأَلْفَاظِهِ فِي إِرْوَاءِ الْغَلِيلِ ٣/٣٢٣ - ٣٣٠ رَقْمَ ٨٣٨
(٥) الْحَدِيثُ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمْ فِي سُنَنِ أَبِي دَاوُدَ ٣/٣٩٤ - ٣٩٥ (كِتَابُ الْبُيُوعِ وَالْإِجَارَاتِ، بَابُ الرُّجُوعِ فِي الْهِبَةِ) وَنَصُّهُ: لَا يَحِلُّ لِرَجُلٍ أَنْ يُعْطِيَ عَطِيَّةً أَوْ يَهَبَ هِبَةً فَيَرْجِعَ فِيهَا إِلَّا الْوَالِدَ، فِيمَا يُعْطِي لِوَلَدِهِ، وَمَثَلُ الَّذِي يُعْطِي الْعَطِيَّةَ ثُمَّ يَرْجِعُ فِيهَا كَمَثَلِ الْكَلْبِ يَأْكُلُ فَإِذَا شَبِعَ قَاءَ ثُمَّ عَادَ فِي قَيْئِهِ. وَالْحَدِيثُ بِأَلْفَاظٍ مُقَارِبَةٍ فِي سُنَنِ التِّرْمِذِيِّ ٣/٢٩٩ (كِتَابُ الْوَلَاءِ وَالْهِبَةِ، بَابُ مَا جَاءَ فِي كَرَاهِيَةِ الرُّجُوعِ فِي الْهِبَةِ) وَقَالَ التِّرْمِذِيُّ: وَهَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ، سُنَنِ النَّسَائِيِّ ٦/٢٢٢ - ٢٢٣ (كِتَابُ الْهِبَةِ، بَابُ رُجُوعِ الْوَالِدِ فِيمَا يُعْطِي وَلَدَهُ) ، الْمُسْنَدِ ط. الْمَعَارِفِ الْأَرْقَامِ ٢١١٩، ٤٨١٠، ٥٤٩٣ وَصَحَّحَ أَحْمَد شَاكِر رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ الْحَدِيثَ.