Minhaj as-Sunnah - Ibn Taimiya - (6/180)

Minhaj as-SunnahIbn Taimiya

It may be said in response:

This (1) is a fabricated lie. Even if it were assumed that he had done so, it would not mean that Umar [had] (2) contravened the religion. Rather, he would have ordered the killing of someone intent on fomenting strife. The Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—said:

“Whoever comes to you while you are united under one man, seeking to divide your community, strike his neck with the sword, whoever he may be.” (3)

What is reliably known of Umar—may Allah be pleased with him—is that, on the basis of this hadith, he ordered the killing of anyone who sought to establish a pledge of allegiance for himself independently of the Muslims and without consultation.

As for killing an individual who withheld his pledge of allegiance when no strife had arisen, Umar did not order [such] (4) a person to be killed, nor is it permissible to kill such a person.

Likewise, the alleged indications he mentioned—that Uthman should be killed and that Ali should be passed over for leadership—are manifest lies against Umar. His statement, “If you do that, [the people] (5) will surely kill you,” merely reports what the people would do; it does not command them to do so.

Likewise, his statement, “They will not confer it upon him,” merely reports what would happen; it does not prohibit them from appointing him. Moreover, this wording in this context is not authentically established from Umar. Rather, it is a lie falsely attributed to him. [And Allah Most High knows best] (6).

(1) (N) and (M) read: *fa-hādhā* (“thus, this”). (2) The word *qad* is absent from (N) and (M). (3) This hadith was cited earlier at 1/564. (4) The word *mithli* (“such”) is omitted from (N) and (M). (5) The word *al-nāsu* (“the people”) is omitted from (N) and (M). (N) reads *la-qatalnaka*, while (M) reads *la-qatalatka*; both are corrupt readings. (6) “And Allah Most High knows best” is an addition found in (H), (R), and (B).

فَيُقَالُ: هَذَا (١) مِنَ الْكَذِبِ الْمُفْتَرَى. وَلَوْ قُدِّرَ أَنَّهُ فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ لَمْ يَكُنْ عُمَرُ [قَدْ] (٢) خَالَفَ الدِّينَ، بَلْ يَكُونُ قَدْ أَمَرَ بِقَتْلِ مَنْ يَقْصِدُ الْفِتْنَةَ. كَمَا قَالَ النَّبِيُّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ -: " «مَنْ جَاءَكُمْ وَأَمْرُكُمْ عَلَى رَجُلٍ وَاحِدٍ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يُفَرِّقَ جَمَاعَتَكُمْ، فَاضْرِبُوا عُنُقَهُ بِالسَّيْفِ كَائِنًا مَنْ كَانَ» " (٣) . وَالْمَعْرُوفُ عَنْ عُمَرَ - رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ - أَنَّهُ أَمَرَ بِقَتْلِ مَنْ أَرَادَ أَنْ يَنْفَرِدَ عَنِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ بِبَيْعَةٍ بِلَا مُشَاوَرَةٍ لِأَجْلِ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ. وَأَمَّا قَتْلُ الْوَاحِدِ الْمُتَخَلِّفِ عَنِ الْبَيْعَةِ إِذَا لَمْ تَقُمْ فِتْنَةٌ، فَلَمْ يَأْمُرْ عُمَرُ بِقَتْلِ [مِثْلِ] (٤) هَذَا، وَلَا يَجُوزُ قَتْلُ مِثْلِ هَذَا. وَكَذَلِكَ مَا ذَكَرَهُ مِنِ الْإِشَارَةِ إِلَى قَتْلِ عُثْمَانَ، وَمِنَ الْإِشَارَةِ إِلَى تَرْكِ وِلَايَةِ عَلِيٍّ، كَذِبٌ بَيِّنٌ عَلَى عُمَرَ. فَإِنَّ قَوْلَهُ: " لَئِنْ فَعَلْتَ لَيَقْتُلَنَّكَ [النَّاسُ] (٥) " إِخْبَارٌ عَمَّا يَفْعَلُهُ النَّاسُ، لَيْسَ فِيهِ أَمْرٌ لَهُمْ بِذَلِكَ. وَكَذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ: " لَا يُوَلُّونَهُ إِيَّاهَا " . إِخْبَارٌ عَمَّا سَيَقَعُ، لَيْسَ فِيهِ نَهْيٌ لَهُمْ عَنِ الْوِلَايَةِ. مَعَ أَنَّ هَذَا اللَّفْظَ بِهَذَا السِّيَاقِ لَيْسَ بِثَابِتٍ عَنْ عُمَرَ. بَلْ هُوَ كَذِبٌ عَلَيْهِ. [وَاللَّهُ تَعَالَى أَعْلَمُ] (٦) .

(١) ن، م: فَهَذَا. (٢) قَدْ: لَيْسَتْ فِي (ن) ، (م) . (٣) سَبَقَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ فِيمَا مَضَى ١/٥٦٤ (٤) مِثْلِ: سَاقِطَةٌ مِنْ (ن) ، (م) . (٥) سَقَطَتْ كَلِمَةُ (النَّاسُ) مِنْ (ن) ، (م) ، وَفِي (ن) لَقَتَلْنَكَ وَفِي (م) : لَقَتَلَتْكَ، وَكِلَاهُمَا تَحْرِيفٌ. (٦) وَاللَّهُ تَعَالَى أَعْلَمُ: زِيَادَةٌ فِي (ح) ، (ر) ، (ب) .