Minhaj as-Sunnah - Ibn Taimiya - (6/160)

Minhaj as-SunnahIbn Taimiya

Abd Allah ibn Umar, who shall have no role(1) in the matter. Should the caliphate fall to Sa‘d, so be it; otherwise, whoever is appointed should seek his assistance, for I did not dismiss him because of(2) incapacity or treachery.”

Then he said(3): “I enjoin the caliph who comes after me to fear Allah Most High. I also commend to his care the earliest Emigrants, who were driven from their homes and their wealth(4): he must recognize their rights and preserve their inviolability.

“I also commend to his care the Helpers, who had settled in the Home and embraced the faith before them: he must accept from those among them who do good and pardon those who do wrong. I enjoin him to treat the people of the cities [well](5), for they are the support of Islam, a source of fury to the enemy, and the collectors of revenues. Nothing should be taken from them except their surplus, and only with their consent.

“I enjoin him to treat the Bedouins well, for they are the original stock of the Arabs and a source of strength for Islam: the levy should be taken from the young animals(6) of their livestock and returned to their poor. I also charge him concerning those under the protection of Allah and His Messenger: their covenant must be faithfully honored, they must be defended(7), and they must not be burdened beyond their capacity.”

Thus, the caliph enjoined(8) upon his successor care for every class of subjects: the earliest forerunners among the Emigrants and the Helpers; and he charged him concerning the Muslim inhabitants of the cities,

(1) (N) and (M) read: *fī* (“in”). (2) (H), (M), and (B) read: *min* (“because of”). (3) See Sahīh al-Bukhārī, 5/17. (4) (N) reads: “from their homes unjustly and from their wealth.” (5) “Well” is absent from (N) and (M). (6) (R) and (Y) read: “that [the levy] be taken from the young animals”; (H): “that he take from the young animals”; (B): “that he take from them, from the young animals.” (7) (N) and (M) read: *min dūnihim* (“in their defense”). (8) (B) reads: *awsā* (“enjoined”).

عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ، وَلَيْسَ لَهُ مِنَ (١) الْأَمْرِ شَيْءٌ، فَإِنْ أَصَابَتِ الْخِلَافَةُ سَعْدًا، وَإِلَّا فَلْيَسْتَعِنْ بِهِ مَنْ وُلِّيَ، فَإِنِّي لَمْ أَعْزِلْهُ عَنْ (٢) عَجْزٍ وَلَا خِيَانَةٍ ". ثُمَّ قَالَ (٣) : " أُوصِي الْخَلِيفَةَ مِنْ بَعْدِي بِتَقْوَى اللَّهِ تَعَالَى، وَأُوصِيهِ بِالْمُهَاجِرِينَ الْأَوَّلِينَ الَّذِينَ أُخْرِجُوا مِنْ دِيَارِهِمْ وَأَمْوَالِهِمْ (٤) : أَنْ يَعْرِفَ لَهُمْ حَقَّهُمْ، وَيَحْفَظَ لَهُمْ حُرْمَتَهُمْ، وَأُوصِيهِ بِالْأَنْصَارِ الَّذِينَ تَبَوَّءُوا الدَّارَ وَالْإِيمَانَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ: أَنْ يَقْبَلَ مِنْ مُحْسِنِهِمْ، وَيَتَجَاوَزَ عَنْ مُسِيئِهِمْ، وَأُوصِيهِ بِأَهْلِ الْأَمْصَارِ [خَيْرًا] (٥) ، فَإِنَّهُمْ رِدْءُ الْإِسْلَامِ، وَغَيْظُ الْعَدُوِّ، وَجُبَاةُ الْأَمْوَالِ، لَا يُؤْخَذُ مِنْهُمْ إِلَّا فَضْلُهُمْ عَنْ رِضًى مِنْهُمْ، وَأُوصِيهِ بِالْأَعْرَابِ خَيْرًا، فَإِنَّهُمْ أَصْلُ الْعَرَبِ، وَمَادَّةُ الْإِسْلَامِ: أَنْ يُؤْخَذَ مِنْهُمْ مِنْ حَوَاشِي (٦) أَمْوَالِهِمْ فَتُرَدَّ عَلَى فُقَرَائِهِمْ، وَأُوصِيهِ بِذِمَّةِ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ أَنْ يُوَفَّى لَهُمْ بِعَهْدِهِمْ، وَيُقَاتَلَ مَنْ وَرَاءَهُمْ (٧) ، وَلَا يُكَلَّفُوا إِلَّا طَاقَتَهُمْ ". فَقَدْ وَصَّى (٨) الْخَلِيفَةُ مَنْ بَعْدَهُ بِجَمِيعِ أَجْنَاسِ الرَّعِيَّةِ السَّابِقِينَ الْأَوَّلِينَ مِنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَالْأَنْصَارِ، وَأَوْصَاهُ بِسُكَّانِ الْأَمْصَارِ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ،

(١) ن، م: فِي. (٢) ح، م، ب: مِنْ. (٣) فِي الْبُخَارِيِّ ٥/١٧ (٤) ن: مِنْ دِيَارِهِمْ بِغَيْرِ حَقٍّ وَأَمْوَالِهِمْ. (٥) خَيْرًا: سَاقِطَةٌ مِنْ (ن) ، (م) . (٦) ر، ي: أَنْ يُؤْخَذَ مِنْ حَوَاشِي، ح: أَنْ يَأْخُذَ مِنْ حَوَاشِي، ب: أَنْ يَأْخُذَ مِنْهُمْ مِنْ حَوَاشِي. (٧) ن، م: مِنْ دُونِهِمْ. (٨) ب: أَوْصَى.