Minhaj as-Sunnah - Ibn Taimiya - (6/101)

Minhaj as-SunnahIbn Taimiya

the Sahih (1)—Sahih Muslim—it is reported that “the Prophet—may Allah’s blessings and peace be upon him—gave Salama ibn al-Akwa the shares of both a foot soldier and a horseman during the expedition of al-Ghāba, even though he was on foot, because his feats in killing the enemy, seizing spoils, and striking fear into the enemy were unmatched by anyone else” (2).

The second position is that this is impermissible. This is the position of Mālik and al-Shāfi‘i. Mālik holds that an additional award may be drawn only from the one-fifth share, whereas al-Shāfi‘i holds that it may be drawn only from one-fifth of the one-fifth.

It is authentically established in the Sahih (3) that Ibn Umar said: “We went on a military expedition with the Prophet—may Allah’s blessings and peace be upon him—toward Najd. Our shares (4) amounted to twelve camels each, and the Messenger of Allah—may Allah’s blessings and peace be upon him—gave each of us one additional camel” (5). One-fifth of the one-fifth would not suffice to cover this additional award.

In sum, this is a matter of independent legal judgment. If Umar deemed preferential distribution permissible when warranted by the public interest, he is the one upon whose tongue and heart Allah placed the truth (6).

As for favoring some over others in the allocation of stipends, there is no doubt that Umar did so and would place

(1) “The Sahīh” is absent from (H) and (B). (2) See this report in the lengthy hadith of Salama ibn al-Akwa in *Sahīh Muslim*, 3:1433–1441, Book of Jihad and Expeditions, chapter “The Expedition of Dhī Qarad and Others.” The report reads on p. 1439: “The Messenger of Allah—may Allah’s blessings and peace be upon him—then gave me two shares: a horseman’s share and a foot soldier’s share, combining both for me.” It is also found in *al-Musnad*, al-Halabī ed., 4:53. (3) (H) and (B) read: “in the two Sahīhs.” (4) (R) reads: *sihāmunā* (“our shares”). (5) The report from Ibn Umar—may Allah be pleased with him—is found in *Sahīh al-Bukhārī*, 5:160, Book of Military Expeditions, chapter “The Detachment Sent toward Najd”; and *al-Musnad*, al-Ma'ārif ed., 6:261–262 and 7:195. (6) (N) and (M) read: “and His hand,” which is a textual corruption.

الصَّحِيحِ (١) صَحِيحِ مُسْلِمٍ «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - أَعْطَى سَلَمَةَ بْنِ الْأَكْوَعِ سَهْمَ رَاجِلٍ وَفَارِسٍ فِي غَزْوَةِ الْغَابَةِ، وَكَانَ رَاجِلًا، لِأَنْ أَتَى مِنَ الْقَتْلِ وَالْغَنِيمَةِ وَإِرْهَابِ الْعَدُوِّ بِمَا لَمْ يَأْتِ بِهِ غَيْرُهُ» (٢) . وَالْقَوْلُ الثَّانِي: لَا يَجُوزُ ذَلِكَ، وَهُوَ مَذْهَبُ مَالِكٍ وَالشَّافِعِيِّ، وَمَالِكٌ يَقُولُ: لَا يَكُونُ النَّفْلُ إِلَّا مِنَ الْخُمُسِ، وَالشَّافِعِيُّ يَقُولُ: لَا يَكُونُ إِلَّا مِنْ خُمُسِ الْخُمُسِ. وَقَدْ ثَبَتَ فِي الصَّحِيحِ (٣) عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: «غَزَوْنَا مَعَ النَّبِيِّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - قِبَلَ نَجْدٍ، فَبَلَغَتْ سُهْمَانُنَا (٤) اثَّنَى عَشَرَ بَعِيرًا، وَنَفَلَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - بَعِيرًا بَعِيرًا» (٥) . وَهَذَا النَّفْلُ لَا يَقُومُ بِهِ خُمُسُ الْخُمُسِ. وَفِي الْجُمْلَةِ فَهَذِهِ مَسْأَلَةُ اجْتِهَادٍ، فَإِذَا كَانَ عُمَرُ يَسُوغُ التَّفْضِيلَ لِلْمَصْلَحَةِ، فَهُوَ الَّذِي ضَرَبَ اللَّهُ الْحَقَّ عَلَى لِسَانِهِ وَقَلْبِهِ (٦) . وَأَمَّا التَّفْضِيلُ فِي الْعَطَاءِ فَلَا رَيْبَ أَنَّ عُمَرَ كَانَ يُفَضِّلُ فِيهِ وَيَجْعَلُ

(١) الصَّحِيحِ: سَاقِطَةٌ مِنْ (ح) ، (ب) . (٢) انْظُرْ هَذَا الْخَبَرَ فِي حَدِيثِ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ الْأَكْوَعِ الطَّوِيلِ فِي: مُسْلِمٍ ٣/١٤٣٣ - ١٤٤١ كِتَابِ الْجِهَادِ وَالسِّيَرِ، بَابِ غَزْوَةِ ذِي قَرَدَ وَغَيْرِهَا، وَنَصُّ الْخَبَرِ ص ١٤٣٩ ثُمَّ أَعْطَانِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ سَهْمَيْنِ: سَهْمَ الْفَارِسِ وَسَهْمَ الرَّاجِلِ، فَجَمَعَهُمَا لِي جَمِيعًا، وَهُوَ فِي الْمُسْنَدِ ط. الْحَلَبِيِّ ٤/٥٣ (٣) ح، ب: فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ، (٤) ر: سِهَامُنَا. (٥) جَاءَ الْأَثَرُ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ فِي الْبُخَارِيِّ ٥/١٦٠ (كِتَابِ الْمَغَازِي، بَابِ السَّرِيَّةِ الَّتِي قِبَلَ نَجْدٍ) الْمُسْنَدَ ط. الْمَعَارِفِ ٦/٢٦١، ٢٦٢، ٧/١٩٥ (٦) ن، م: وَيَدِهِ، وَهُوَ تَحْرِيفٌ.