Minhaj as-Sunnah - Ibn Taimiya - (5/518)

Minhaj as-SunnahIbn Taimiya

Then it should be said:

[The most that can be said regarding the case of Mālik ibn Nuwayra is that his life was inviolable](1), and that Khālid killed him on the basis of an interpretive judgment. This does not make it permissible to execute Khālid. Likewise, when Usāma ibn Zayd killed the man who had said, “There is no deity but Allah,” the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—said to him, “O Usāma, did you kill him after he had said, ‘There is no deity but Allah’? O Usāma, did you kill him after he had said, ‘There is no deity but Allah’? [O Usāma(2), did you kill him after he had said, ‘There is no deity but Allah’?”](3) He denounced his killing of the man but did not require him to undergo retaliatory execution, pay blood money, or offer expiation.

Muhammad ibn Jarīr al-Tabarī and others narrated the following from Ibn Abbās and Qatāda: “This verse—Allah Most High’s words, ‘Do not say to one who offers you peace, “You are not a believer,”’ and the remainder of the verse [Surah al-Nisā: 94]—was revealed concerning Mirdās, a man from Ghatafān. The Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—sent an army to his people under the command of Ghālib al-Laythī. His companions fled, but he did not. He said, ‘I am a believer.’ The cavalry came upon him in the morning, and he greeted them with peace; but they killed him and seized his sheep. Allah then revealed this verse. The Messenger of Allah—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—ordered that his property be returned to his family and that his blood money be paid to them, and he forbade the believers from doing anything of the kind.”(4)

Likewise, Khālid ibn al-Walīd killed members of Banū Jadhīma while acting on an interpretive judgment. The Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—raised his hands and said, “O Allah, I declare before You that I am free of what Khālid has done.”(5) Despite this, the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—did not execute him, because he had acted on an interpretive judgment.

Thus, if the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—did not execute him despite his having killed(6) more than one of the

(1) The text in brackets is omitted from N. (2) The phrase “O Usāma” is omitted from R and Y. (3) The text in brackets is omitted from N. This hadith was cited previously, 1/560. (4) See *Tafsīr al-Tabarī*, al-Maʿārif edition, 9/76–78. (5) This hadith was cited previously, 4/487. (6) H: “with killing.”

ثُمَّ يُقَالُ: غَايَةُ مَا يُقَالُ: فِي قِصَّةِ مَالِكِ بْنِ نُوَيْرَةَ: إِنَّهُ كَانَ مَعْصُومَ الدَّمِ] (١) ، وَإِنَّ خَالِدًا قَتَلَهُ بِتَأْوِيلٍ، وَهَذَا لَا يُبِيحُ قَتْلَ خَالِدٍ، كَمَا أَنَّ أُسَامَةَ بْنَ زَيْدٍ لَمَّا قَتَلَ الرَّجُلَ الَّذِي قَالَ: لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ. وَقَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ -: " «يَا أُسَامَةُ، أَقَتَلْتَهُ بَعْدَ أَنْ قَالَ: لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ؟ يَا أُسَامَةُ، أَقَتَلْتَهُ بَعْدَ أَنْ قَالَ: لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ؟ [يَا أُسَامَةُ، (٢) . أَقَتَلْتَهُ بَعْدَ أَنْ قَالَ: لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ؟] » (٣) فَأَنْكَرَ عَلَيْهِ قَتْلَهُ، وَلَمْ يُوجِبْ عَلَيْهِ قَوَدًا وَلَا دِيَةً وَلَا كَفَّارَةً. وَقَدْ رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَرِيرٍ الطَّبَرِيُّ وَغَيْرُهُ «عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَقَتَادَةَ أَنَّ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ: قَوْلَهُ تَعَالَى: {وَلَا تَقُولُوا لِمَنْ أَلْقَى إِلَيْكُمُ السَّلَامَ لَسْتَ مُؤْمِنًا} الْآيَةَ [سُورَةُ النِّسَاءِ: ٩٤] نَزَلَتْ فِي شَأْنِ مِرْدَاسٍ، رَجُلٌ مِنْ غَطَفَانَ، بَعَثَ النَّبِيُّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - جَيْشًا إِلَى قَوْمِهِ، عَلَيْهِمْ غَالِبٌ اللَّيْثِيُّ، فَفَرَّ أَصْحَابُهُ وَلَمْ يَفِرَّ. قَالَ: إِنِّي مُؤْمِنٌ، فَصَبَّحَتْهُ الْخَيْلُ، فَسَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِمْ، فَقَتَلُوهُ وَأَخَذُوا غَنَمَهُ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ، وَأَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - بِرَدِّ أَمْوَالِهِ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ وَبِدِيَتِهِ إِلَيْهِمْ، وَنَهَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَنْ مِثْلِ ذَلِكَ» (٤) . وَكَذَلِكَ خَالِدُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ قَدْ قَتَلَ بَنِي جَذِيمَةَ مُتَأَوِّلًا، وَرَفَعَ النَّبِيُّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - يَدَيْهِ وَقَالَ: " «اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَبْرَأُ إِلَيْكَ مِمَّا صَنَعَ خَالِدٌ» " (٥) ، وَمَعَ هَذَا فَلَمْ يَقْتُلْهُ النَّبِيُّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - ; لِأَنَّهُ كَانَ مُتَأَوِّلًا. فَإِذَا كَانَ النَّبِيُّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - لَمْ يَقْتُلْهُ مَعَ قَتْلِهِ (٦) غَيْرِ وَاحِدٍ مِنَ

(١) مَا بَيْنَ الْمَعْقُوفَتَيْنِ سَاقِطٌ مِنْ (ن) . (٢) عِبَارَةُ يَا أُسَامَةُ سَاقِطَةٌ مِنْ (ر) ، (ي) (٣) مَا بَيْنَ الْمَعْقُوفَتَيْنِ سَاقِطٌ مِنْ (ن) وَسَبَقَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ فِيمَا مَضَى ١/٥٦٠ " (٤) انْظُرْ تَفْسِيرَ الطَّبَرِيِّ (ط. الْمَعَارِفِ) ٩/٧٦ - ٧٨ (٥) سَبَقَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ فِيمَا مَضَى ٤/٤٨٧ (٦) ح: مَعَ قَتْلِ.