Minhaj as-Sunnah - Ibn Taimiya - (5/509)

Minhaj as-SunnahIbn Taimiya

[Surah al-Mā’idah: 41]

Up to the words of the Most High:

“If they come to you, either judge between them or turn away from them. If you turn away from them, they cannot harm you in the least. But if you judge, then judge between them with justice. Indeed, Allah loves those who act justly.”

[Surah al-Mā’idah: 42]

Up to His words:

“So judge between them according to what Allah has revealed, and do not follow their desires in place of the truth that has come to you. For each of you We have ordained a law and a clear way. Had Allah willed, He could have made you one nation, but He intended to test you in what He has given you. So compete with one another in good deeds. To Allah you will all return.”

[Surah al-Mā’idah: 48]

Up to His words:

“And judge between them according to what Allah has revealed. Do not follow their desires, and beware lest they tempt you away from some of what Allah has revealed to you. If they turn away, then know that Allah intends to afflict them for some of their sins. Indeed, many people are defiantly disobedient.”

[Surah al-Mā’idah: 49] (1).

Since it is known from the Quran, the sunnah, and scholarly consensus that anyone judging between Jews and Christians may judge them only according to what Allah revealed to Muhammad—whether or not it agrees with what they possess (2) of the Torah and the Gospel—then whoever claims that Alī (3) judged between Jews and Christians by the Torah and the Gospel, or issued fatwas to them on that basis, and praises him for doing so, must either be among the most ignorant (4) of people concerning religion and the qualities for which the man he supports deserves praise, or else be a godless heretic who intended, through such words, to disparage Alī—words whose speaker deserves condemnation and punishment, not praise and reward.

(1) (N) and (M): “surely defiantly disobedient,” to the end of the verse. (2) (N) and (M): “what was before them.” (3) (H), (R), (Y), and (B): “until.” (4) (R): “out of ignorance.”

[سُورَةُ الْمَائِدَةِ: ٤١] إِلَى قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: {فَإِنْ جَاءُوكَ فَاحْكُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ أَوْ أَعْرِضْ عَنْهُمْ وَإِنْ تُعْرِضْ عَنْهُمْ فَلَنْ يَضُرُّوكَ شَيْئًا وَإِنْ حَكَمْتَ فَاحْكُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ بِالْقِسْطِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ الْمُقْسِطِينَ} [سُورَةُ الْمَائِدَةِ: ٤٢] إِلَى قَوْلِهِ: {فَاحْكُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ وَلَا تَتَّبِعْ أَهْوَائَهُمْ عَمَّا جَاءَكَ مِنَ الْحَقِّ لِكُلٍّ جَعْلِنَا مِنْكُمْ شِرْعَةً وَمِنْهَاجًا وَلَوْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ لَجَعَلَكُمْ أُمَّةً وَاحِدَةً وَلَكِنْ لِيَبْلُوَكُمْ فِي مَا آتَاكُمْ فَاسْتَبِقُوا الْخَيْرَاتِ إِلَى اللَّهِ مَرْجِعكُمْ جَمِيعًا} [سُورَةُ الْمَائِدَةِ: ٤٨] إِلَى قَوْلِهِ: {وَأَنِ احْكُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ وَلَا تَتَّبِعْ أَهْوَاءَهُمْ وَاحْذَرْهُمْ أَنْ يَفْتِنُوكَ عَنْ بَعْضِ مَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ إِلَيْكَ فَإِنْ تَوَلَّوْا فَاعْلَمْ أَنَّمَا يُرِيدُ اللَّهُ أَنْ يُصِيبَهُمْ بِبَعْضِ ذُنُوبِهِمْ وَإِنَّ كَثِيرًا مِنَ النَّاسِ لَفَاسِقُونَ} [سُورَةُ الْمَائِدَةِ: ٤٩] (١) . وَإِذَا كَانَ مِنَ الْمَعْلُومِ بِالْكِتَابِ وَالسُّنَّةِ وَالْإِجْمَاعِ، أَنَّ الْحَاكِمَ بَيْنَ الْيَهُودِ وَالنَّصَارَى لَا يَجُوزُ أَنْ يَحْكُمَ بَيْنَهُمْ إِلَّا بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ، سَوَاءٌ وَافَقَ مَا بِأَيْدِيهِمْ (٢) مِنَ التَّوْرَاةِ وَالْإِنْجِيلِ أَوْ لَمْ يُوَافِقْهُ، كَانَ مَنْ نَسَبَ عَلِيًّا إِلَى أَنَّهُ (٣) يَحْكُمَ بِالتَّوْرَاةِ وَالْإِنْجِيلِ بَيْنَ الْيَهُودِ وَالنَّصَارَى، أَوْ يُفْتِيهِمْ بِذَلِكَ، وَيَمْدَحُهُ بِذَلِكَ: إِمَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ مِنْ أَجْهَلِ (٤) النَّاسِ بِالدِّينِ، وَبِمَا يُمْدَحُ بِهِ صَاحِبُهُ، وَإِمَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ زِنْدِيقًا مُلْحِدًا أَرَادَ الْقَدْحَ فِي عَلِيٍّ بِمِثْلِ هَذَا الْكَلَامِ الَّذِي يَسْتَحِقُّ صَاحِبُهُ الذَّمَّ وَالْعِقَابَ، دُونَ الْمَدْحِ وَالثَّوَابِ.

(١) ن، م: لَفَاسِقُونَ الْآيَةَ. (٢) ن، م: مَا بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِمْ. (٣) ح، ر، ي، ب: إِلَى أَنْ. (٤) ر: مِنْ جَهْلِ.