Minhaj as-Sunnah - Ibn Taimiya - (5/479)

Minhaj as-SunnahIbn Taimiya

[Surah al-Zumar: 30], and He said:

“Muhammad is no more than a messenger; messengers passed away before him. If he dies or is killed, will you turn back on your heels? Whoever turns back on his heels will not harm Allah in the least, and Allah will reward the grateful.”

[Surah Āl ‘Imrān: 144]

He said: The people then broke down, sobbing.

The Ansār gathered around Sa‘d ibn ‘Ubāda at the assembly hall of Banū Sā‘ida and said, ‘Let there be one leader from us and one from you.’ Abū Bakr, ‘Umar ibn al-Khattāb, and Abū ‘Ubayda ibn al-Jarrāh went to them. ‘Umar was about to speak, but Abū Bakr silenced him.

‘Umar used to say, ‘By Allah, my only reason for doing so was that I had prepared a speech that pleased me, and I feared that Abū Bakr might not rise to it.’ Abū Bakr then spoke, and he spoke more eloquently than anyone. Among the things he said was, ‘We shall be the leaders, and you the ministers.’

Al-Hubāb ibn al-Mundhir said, ‘No, by Allah! We shall not accept that. Let there be one leader from us and one from you.’

Abū Bakr replied, ‘No. We shall be the leaders, and you the ministers. They occupy the noblest place among the Arabs and are the clearest (1) of them in lineage. Therefore, pledge allegiance to ‘Umar or Abū ‘Ubayda ibn al-Jarrāh.’

‘Umar said, ‘Rather, we pledge allegiance to you. You are our master, the best among us, and the one of us most beloved to the Messenger of Allah—may Allah bless him and grant him peace.’ ‘Umar then took his hand and pledged allegiance to him, and the people likewise pledged allegiance to him.

Someone said, ‘You have killed Sa‘d ibn ‘Ubāda (2)!’

‘Umar replied, ‘May Allah kill him (3)!’”

In Sahih al-Bukhārī, ‘Ā’isha said concerning this account (4): “There was (5) no address delivered by either of the two men from which Allah did not bring benefit. ‘Umar had indeed struck fear into the people, and among them there was certainly

(1) (N), (M), and (B) read: “and the noblest of them.” (2) (R), (H), and (Y) read: “You have killed Saʿd”; (B) reads: “By Allah, you have killed Saʿd.” (3) The account of the Prophet’s death—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—is related in several hadiths in *Sahīh al-Bukhārī*, 2/71–72 (Book of Funerals, chapter “Entering upon the Deceased”). (4) *Sahīh al-Bukhārī*, 5/7, immediately following the preceding hadith. (5) Al-Bukhārī reads: “There was no…”

[سُورَةُ الزُّمَرِ: ٣٠] ، وَقَالَ: {وَمَا مُحَمَّدٌ إِلَّا رَسُولٌ قَدْ خَلَتْ مِنْ قَبْلِهِ الرُّسُلُ أَفَإِنْ مَاتَ أَوْ قُتِلَ انْقَلَبْتُمْ عَلَى أَعْقَابِكُمْ وَمَنْ يَنْقَلِبْ عَلَى عَقِبَيْهِ فَلَنْ يَضُرَّ اللَّهَ شَيْئًا وَسَيَجْزِي اللَّهُ الشَّاكِرِينَ} [سُورَةُ آلِ عِمْرَانَ: ١٤٤] قَالَ: فَنَشَجَ النَّاسُ يَبْكُونَ، وَاجْتَمَعَتِ الْأَنْصَارُ إِلَى سَعْدِ بْنِ عُبَادَةَ فِي سَقِيفَةِ بَنِي سَاعِدَةَ فَقَالُوا: مِنَّا أَمِيرٌ، وَمِنْكُمْ أَمِيرٌ، فَذَهَبَ إِلَيْهِمْ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ وَأَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ بْنُ الْجَرَّاحِ، فَذَهَبَ عُمَرُ يَتَكَلَّمُ فَأَسْكَتَهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَكَانَ عُمَرُ يَقُولُ: وَاللَّهِ، مَا أَرَدْتُ بِذَلِكَ إِلَّا أَنِّي هَيَّأْتُ كَلَامًا قَدْ أَعْجَبَنِي، خَشِيتُ أَنْ لَا يَبْلُغَهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ، ثُمَّ تَكَلَّمَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَتَكَلَّمَ أَبْلَغَ النَّاسِ، فَقَالَ فِي كَلَامِهِ: نَحْنُ الْأُمَرَاءُ وَأَنْتُمُ الْوُزَرَاءُ، فَقَالَ حُبَابُ بْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ: لَا وَاللَّهِ، لَا نَفْعَلُ مِنَّا أَمِيرٌ، وَمِنْكُمْ أَمِيرٌ، فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: لَا. وَلَكِنَّا الْأُمَرَاءُ، وَأَنْتُمُ الْوُزَرَاءُ. هُمْ أَوْسَطُ الْعَرَبِ دَارًا، وَأَعْرَبُهُمْ (١) أَحْسَابًا، فَبَايِعُوا عُمَرَ أَوْ أَبَا عُبَيْدَةَ بْنَ الْجَرَّاحِ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: بَلْ نُبَايِعُكَ أَنْتَ. فَأَنْتَ سَيِّدُنَا وَخَيْرُنَا، وَأَحَبُّنَا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ -، فَأَخَذَ عُمَرُ بِيَدِهِ فَبَايَعَهُ، وَبَايَعَهُ النَّاسُ. فَقَالَ قَائِلٌ: قَتَلْتُمْ سَعْدَ بْنَ عُبَادَةَ (٢) . فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: قَتَلَهُ اللَّهُ (٣) ". وَفِي صَحِيحِ الْبُخَارِيِّ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ فِي هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةِ قَالَتْ (٤) : " مَا كَانَ (٥) مِنْ خُطْبَتِهِمَا مِنْ خُطْبَةٍ إِلَّا نَفَعَ اللَّهُ بِهَا، لَقَدْ خَوَّفَ عُمَرُ النَّاسَ، وَإِنَّ فِيهِمْ

(١) ن، م، ب: وَأَرْفَعُهُمْ. (٢) ر، ح، ي: قَتَلْتُمْ سَعْدًا، ب: قَتَلْتُمْ وَاللَّهِ سَعْدًا. (٣) جَاءَ خَبَرُ وَفَاةِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي الْبُخَارِيِّ فِي عِدَّةِ أَحَادِيثَ فِي: ٢/٧١ \ ٧٢ كِتَابُ الْجَنَائِزِ، بَابُ الدُّخُولِ عَلَى الْمَيِّتِ. .) (٤) الْبُخَارِيِّ ٥/٧ بَعْدَ الْحَدِيثِ السَّابِقِ مُبَاشَرَةً. (٥) الْبُخَارِيِّ: فَمَا كَانَتْ.