Minhaj as-Sunnah - Ibn Taimiya - (5/474)

Minhaj as-SunnahIbn Taimiya

Abū Bakr (1). Whoever pledges allegiance to a man without consulting the Muslims, neither he nor the man to whom he pledged allegiance should be given allegiance, lest they both be killed (2).

Indeed, what happened among us (3) when Allah took His Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—was that (4) the Ansar opposed us and assembled, all of them, in the Saqīfa of Banū Sāida. Ali, al-Zubayr, and those with them (5) held back from us, while the Emigrants gathered around Abū Bakr.

I said to Abū Bakr, ‘Abū Bakr, let us go to these brothers of ours from the Ansar.’ So we set out toward them. As we drew near, two righteous men from among them met us and told us what the people had agreed among themselves to do.

They asked, ‘Where are you going, O company of Emigrants?’

We replied, ‘We are going to these brothers of ours (6) from the Ansar.’

They said, ‘There is no harm if you do [not] (7) approach them. Settle your own affair.’

I said, ‘By Allah, we shall certainly go to them.’ We continued until we reached them in the Saqīfa of Banū Sāida, where we found a man wrapped up (8) in their midst.

I asked, ‘Who is this?’

They replied, ‘This is Sa'd ibn Ubāda.’

I asked, ‘What is wrong with him?’

They replied, ‘He is suffering from fever (9).’

(1) Ibn Hajar states: “Al-Khattābī said: ‘Even the foremost among you—whose excellence none can equal—does not attain Abū Bakr’s rank. No one should therefore expect to receive what Abū Bakr received: the pledge of allegiance was first given to him by a small gathering, after which the people united around him without dissent.’” (2) See my earlier discussion of the meaning of this expression, 3/386. (3) One recension of al-Bukhārī reads: “among the best of us.” The meaning is that Abū Bakr was among the best Muslims when the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—died. (4) Al-Bukhārī reads: “except that.” (5) (N) and (M) read: “and those who followed them both.” (6) (H), (R), and (Y) read: “We are going to these brothers of ours.” (7) The word *lā* (“not”) is omitted from (N). (8) Ibn Hajar states: “*Muzammal*, with the open *mīm* doubled, means ‘wrapped up.’” (9) Ibn Hajar states: “*Yūʿaku*, with the first letter vocalized *u* and the undotted consonant vocalized *a*, means that he was afflicted by *waʿk*—a fever accompanied by chills—and was therefore wrapped up.”

أَبِي بَكْرٍ (١) ، مَنْ بَايَعَ رَجُلًا مِنْ غَيْرِ مَشُورَةٍ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، فَلَا يُبَايَعُ هُوَ وَلَا الَّذِي بَايَعَهُ تَغِرَّةً أَنْ يُقْتَلَا (٢) ، وَإِنَّهُ قَدْ كَانَ مِنْ خَبَرِنَا (٣) حِينَ تَوَفَّى اللَّهُ نَبِيَّهُ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - أَنَّ (٤) الْأَنْصَارَ خَالَفُونَا وَاجْتَمَعُوا بِأَسْرِهِمْ فِي سَقِيفَةِ بَنِي سَاعِدَةَ، وَخَالَفَ عَنَّا عَلِيٌّ وَالزُّبَيْرُ وَمَنْ مَعَهُمَا (٥) ، وَاجْتَمَعَ الْمُهَاجِرُونَ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ. فَقُلْتُ لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ: يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ انْطَلِقْ بِنَا إِلَى إِخْوَانِنَا هَؤُلَاءِ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ، فَانْطَلَقْنَا نُرِيدُهُمْ، فَلَمَّا دَنَوْنَا مِنْهُمْ لَقِيَنَا مِنْهُمْ رَجُلَانِ صَالِحَانِ، فَذَكَرَا مَا تَمَالَأَ عَلَيْهِ الْقَوْمُ، فَقَالَا: أَيْنَ تُرِيدُونَ يَا مَعْشَرَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ؟ فَقُلْنَا: نُرِيدُ إِخْوَانَنَا هَؤُلَاءِ (٦) مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ. فَقَالَا: لَا عَلَيْكُمْ أَنْ [لَا] (٧) تَقْرَبُوهُمُ. اقْضُوا أَمْرَكُمْ. فَقُلْتُ: وَاللَّهِ، لَنَأْتِيَنَّهُمْ. فَانْطَلَقْنَا حَتَّى أَتَيْنَاهُمْ فِي سَقِيفَةِ بَنِي سَاعِدَةَ، فَإِذَا رَجُلٌ مُزَمَّلٌ (٨) بَيْنَ ظَهْرَانَيْهِمْ. فَقُلْتُ: مَنْ هَذَا؟ فَقَالُوا: هَذَا سَعْدُ بْنُ عُبَادَةَ. فَقُلْتُ: مَا لَهُ؟ قَالُوا: يُوَعَكُ (٩) .

(١) قَالَ ابْنُ حَجَرٍ: " قَالَ الْخَطَّابِيُّ: يُرِيدُ أَنَّ السَّابِقَ مِنْكُمُ الَّذِي لَا يَلْحَقُ فِي الْفَضْلِ لَا يَصِلُ إِلَى مَنْزِلَةِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، فَلَا يَطْمَعْ أَحَدٌ أَنْ يَقَعَ لَهُ مِثْلَمَا وَقَعَ لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ مِنَ الْمُبَايَعَةِ لَهُ أَوَّلًا فِي الْمَلَأِ الْيَسِيرِ، ثُمَّ اجْتِمَاعِ النَّاسِ عَلَيْهِ وَعَدَمِ اخْتِلَافِهِمْ عَلَيْهِ ". (٢) انْظُرْ مَا سَبَقَ أَنْ ذَكَرْتُهُ فِي مَعْنَى هَذِهِ الْعِبَارَةِ ٣/٣٨٦ (٣) فِي نُسْخَةٍ مِنَ الْبُخَارِيِّ: مِنْ خَيْرِنَا. وَالْمَعْنَى أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ كَانَ مِنْ خَيْرِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ حِينَ وَفَاةِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ (٤) الْبُخَارِيِّ: إِلَّا أَنَّ. (٥) ن، م: وَمَنْ تَبِعَهُمَا. (٦) ح، ر، ي: نُرِيدُ هَؤُلَاءِ إِخْوَانَنَا. (٧) لَا: سَاقِطَةٌ مِنْ (ن) . (٨) قَالَ ابْنُ حَجَرٍ: " مُزَمَّلٌ بِتَشْدِيدِ الْمِيمِ الْمَفْتُوحَةِ أَيْ: مُغَلَّفٌ ". (٩) قَالَ ابْنُ حَجَرٍ: " يُوعَكُ بِضَمِّ أَوَّلِهِ وَفَتْحِ الْمُهْمَلَةِ، أَيْ: يَحْصُلُ لَهُ الْوَعْكُ وَهُوَ الْحُمَّى بِنَافِضٍ وَلِذَلِكَ زُمِّلَ ".