Minhaj as-SunnahIbn Taimiya

Allah was: [that] (1) ‘Do not disown your fathers, for disowning your fathers is an act of disbelief on your part’ (2). Take heed! Indeed (3), the Messenger of Allah—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—said: ‘Do not praise me excessively as the Christians praised Jesus (4), son of Mary. Rather, say: Allah’s servant and His Messenger.’

“It has also reached me that one of you (5) says, ‘By Allah, if Umar were to die, I would pledge allegiance (6) to so-and-so.’ Let no one be deceived into saying, ‘The pledge of allegiance to Abu Bakr was merely a sudden affair (7), yet it was completed (8).’ To be sure, it was so, but Allah averted its evil. There is none among you (9) whom others would exhaust themselves trying to catch, like

(1) The word *an* (“that”) appears only in (B) and al-Bukhārī. (2) Al-Bukhārī reads: “from your fathers,” or: “Indeed, it is disbelief on your part to disown your fathers.” (3) (B) reads: “Take heed! And indeed”; al-Bukhārī reads: “Take heed! Then indeed.” (4) Al-Bukhārī reads: “as Jesus was extolled”; (M) reads: “Do not extol me as the Christians extolled Jesus.” (5) The reading *anna qāʾilan minka* (“that someone from you [singular] says”) appears in (B) and al-Bukhārī. (H), (R), and (Y) read: *anna qāʾilan fīkum* (“that someone among you says”); (N) and (M) read: *anna fulānan fīkum* (“that so-and-so among you says”). The following is written in the margin of (Y): “Some scholars have said: ‘The stoning verse that was abrogated is the statement of Allah Most High: “The elderly man and elderly woman, if they commit adultery, stone them both without fail.” Allah has retained in His Book a parallel to it, namely His statement: “It shall avert the punishment from her” [Surah al-Nūr 24:8].’” (6) Al-Bukhārī reads: “I would pledge allegiance.” (7) Ibn Hajar states in his commentary on this hadith, *Fath al-Bārī* 12/147: “That is, *fajʾatan* (‘suddenly’), which matches it in morphological pattern and meaning.” He then states (*Fath al-Bārī* 12/149): “The *falta* is the night about which it is uncertain whether it belongs to Rajab or Shaʿbān, or to al-Muharram or Safar. The Arabs did not take up arms during the sacred months, so anyone seeking blood vengeance would wait. When that night arrived, he would seize the opportunity before the month’s end was confirmed, enabling him to reach the person he intended to harm while that person felt safe. Much evil would consequently ensue. Umar thus likened the Prophetic era to the sacred month and the *falta* to what occurred among the people of apostasy. Allah averted its evil through the pledge of allegiance to Abū Bakr, because he rose to fight them and broke their power. This is what Ibn al-Arabī said. It would be preferable, however, to say that the common feature between the two is the seizing of an opportunity. Taking vengeance would give rise to much evil, but Allah protected the Muslims from that evil.” (8) Al-Bukhārī reads: “and it was completed.” (9) Al-Bukhārī reads: *minkum* (“from among you”); another reading in al-Bukhārī has *fīkum* (“among you”).
اللَّهِ: [أَنْ] (١) لَا تَرْغَبُوا عَنْ آبَائِكُمْ، فَإِنَّهُ كُفْرٌ بِكُمْ أَنْ تَرْغَبُوا عَنْ آبَائِكُمْ (٢) ، أَلَا إِنَّ (٣) رَسُولَ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - قَالَ: " «لَا تُطْرُونِي كَمَا أَطْرَتِ النَّصَّارِي عِيسَى (٤) ابْنَ مَرْيَمَ، وَقُولُوا: عَبْدُ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولُهُ» " ثُمَّ إِنَّهُ بَلَغَنِي أَنَّ قَائِلًا مِنْكُمْ (٥) يَقُولُ: وَاللَّهِ، لَوْ مَاتَ عُمَرُ لَبَايَعْتُ (٦) فُلَانًا، فَلَا يَغْتَرَّنَّ امْرُؤٌ أَنْ يَقُولَ: إِنَّمَا كَانَتْ بَيْعَةُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ فَلْتَةً (٧) فَتَمَّتْ (٨) ، أَلَا وَإِنَّهَا قَدْ كَانَتْ كَذَلِكَ، وَلَكِنَّ اللَّهَ وَقَى شَرَّهَا، وَلَيْسَ فِيكُمْ (٩) مَنْ تُقْطَعُ الْأَعْنَاقُ إِلَيْهِ مِثْلُ
(١) أَنْ فِي (ب) وَالْبُخَارِيِّ فَقَطْ. (٢) الْبُخَارِيِّ: عَنْ آبَائِكُمْ أَوْ إِنَّ كُفْرًا بِكُمْ أَنْ تَرْغَبُوا عَنْ آبَائِكُمْ. (٣) ب: أَلَا وَإِنَّ، الْبُخَارِيِّ أَلَا ثُمَّ إِنَّ. (٤) الْبُخَارِيِّ كَمَا أُطْرِيَ عِيسَى، م: لَا تُطْرُونِي إِطْرَاءَ النَّصَارَى عِيسَى. (٥) أَنَّ قَائِلًا مِنْكَ: كَذَا فِي (ب) وَالْبُخَارِيِّ وَفِي (ح) ، (ر) ، (ي) : أَنَّ قَائِلًا فِيكُمْ، وَفِي (ن) ، (م) : أَنَّ فُلَانًا فِيكُمْ وَفِي هَامِشِ (ي) كُتِبَ مَا يَلِي: " وَقَالَ بَعْضُ الْعُلَمَاءِ: إِنَّ آيَةَ الرَّجْمِ الَّتِي نُسِخَتْ: قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: وَالشَّيْخُ وَالشَّيْخَةُ إِذَا زَنَيَا فَرَاجِمُوهُمْ أَلْبَتَّةَ. وَقَدْ أَبْقَى اللَّهُ فِي كِتَابِهِ نَظِيرَهَا وَهُوَ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: وَيَدْرَؤُ عَنْهَا الْعَذَابَ [سُورَةُ النُّورِ: ٨] . (٦) الْبُخَارِيِّ: بَايَعْتُ. (٧) قَالَ ابْنُ حَجَرٍ فِي شَرْحِهِ لِلْحَدِيثِ فَتْحِ الْبَارِي ١٢/١٤٧: " أَيْ: فَجْأَةً وَزْنُهُ وَمَعْنَاهُ "، ثُمَّ قَالَ (فَتْحِ الْبَارِي ١٢/١٤٩) : " الْفَلْتَةُ اللَّيْلَةُ الَّتِي يُشَكُّ فِيهَا: هَلْ هِيَ مِنْ رَجَبٍ أَوْ شَعْبَانَ، وَهَلْ مِنَ الْمُحَرَّمِ أَوْ صَفَرٍ؟ كَانَ الْعَرَبُ لَا يُشْهِرُونَ السِّلَاحَ فِي الْأَشْهُرِ الْحُرُمِ، فَكَانَ مَنْ لَهُ ثَأْرٌ تَرَبَّصَ، فَإِذَا جَاءَتْ تِلْكَ اللَّيْلَةُ انْتَهَزَ الْفُرْصَةَ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يَتَحَقَّقَ انْسِلَاخُ الشَّهْرِ فَيَتَمَكَّنُ مِمَّنْ يُرِيدُ إِيقَاعَ الشَّرِّ بِهِ وَهُوَ آمِنٌ فَيَتَرَتَّبُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ الشَّرُّ الْكَثِيرُ، فَشَبَّهَ عُمَرُ الْحَيَاةَ النَّبَوِيَّةَ بِالشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ، وَالْفَلْتَةَ بِمَا وَقَعَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الرِّدَّةِ، وَوَقَى اللَّهُ شَرَّ ذَلِكَ بِبَيْعَةِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ لِمَا وَقَعَ مِنْهُ مِنَ النُّهُوضِ فِي قِتَالِهِمْ وَإِخْمَادِ شَوْكَتِهِمْ، كَذَا قَالَ (ابْنُ الْأَعْرَابِيِّ) وَالْأَوْلَى أَنْ يُقَالَ: الْجَامِعُ بَيْنَهُمَا انْتِهَازُ الْفُرْصَةِ، لَكِنْ كَانَ يَنْشَأُ عَنْ أَخْذِ الثَّأْرِ الشَّرُّ الْكَثِيرُ فَوَقَى اللَّهُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ شَرَّ ذَلِكَ ". (٨) الْبُخَارِيِّ: وَتَمَّتْ. (٩) الْبُخَارِيِّ: مِنْكُمْ (وَفِى قِرَاءَةٍ فِيهِ: فِيكُمْ) .

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