Minhaj as-SunnahIbn Taimiya

to this or that, or as being more general (1) than both,” the reply is: An observer’s failure to consider something does not alter realities from what they actually are: they are either in the mind or in external reality.

Even what is more general than either is itself also in the mind. For if you suppose there to be a quiddity that is neither in the mind nor in external reality, you are making that supposition (2) only in the mind. This means that the supposition is in the mind—not that the quiddity said not to be in the mind is itself in the mind. Rather, after conceiving a quiddity in his mind, a person can suppose that it is not in his mind, although his supposition that it is not in his mind is itself in his mind, even though it is an impossible supposition.

One must therefore distinguish between a quiddity qualified by its being in the mind and an absolute quiddity conceived without reference either to a mind or to external reality, while recognizing that even this absolute quiddity exists only in the mind, though the mind may disregard its being there. Its being in the mind is one thing, while knowing that it is in the mind is another.

These people conceive (3) and suppose things, and this occurs only in the mind. Yet at the very moment when a person conceives [something] (4) in his mind and forms a supposition about it, he may not be aware of its being in the mind—like someone who sees something in external reality but becomes so occupied with the thing seen that he fails to attend to the fact that he is seeing it. This resembles what some of them call fanā (annihilation), whereby one becomes so absorbed in the object of remembrance as to lose awareness of the act of remembrance,

(1) (M) and (B) read: “and more general.” (2) (N) and (M) read: “it would not be posited.” (3) (N) and (M) read: “These people form representations”; (H) reads: “They do not conceive.” (4) “Something” appears in (B) and is omitted from all the other manuscripts.
عَنْ هَذَا، وَهَذَا أَوْ أَعَمَّ (١) مِنْ هَذَا وَهَذَا، قِيلَ: عَدَمُ نَظَرِ النَّاظِرِ لَا يُغَيِّرُ الْحَقَائِقَ عَمَّا هِيَ عَلَيْهِ فِي نَفْسِ الْأَمْرِ: إِمَّا فِي الذِّهْنِ، وَإِمَّا فِي الْخَارِجِ. وَمَا كَانَ أَعَمَّ مِنْهَا فَهُوَ أَيْضًا فِي الذِّهْنِ ; فَإِنَّكَ إِذَا قَدَّرْتَ مَاهِيَّةً لَا فِي الذِّهْنِ، وَلَا فِي الْخَارِجِ لَمْ تَكُنْ مُقَدِّرًا (٢) إِلَّا فِي الذِّهْنِ. وَمَعْنَى ذَلِكَ أَنَّ هَذَا التَّقْدِيرَ فِي الذِّهْنِ، لَا أَنَّ الْمَاهِيَّةَ الَّتِي قِيلَ: عَنْهَا لَيْسَتْ فِي الذِّهْنِ - هِيَ فِي الذِّهْنِ، بَلِ الْمَاهِيَّةُ الَّتِي تَصَوَّرَهَا الْإِنْسَانُ فِي ذِهْنِهِ يُمْكِنُهُ تَقْدِيرُهَا لَيْسَتْ فِي ذِهْنِهِ، مَعَ أَنَّ تَقْدِيرَهَا لَيْسَتْ فِي ذِهْنِهِ هُوَ فِي ذِهْنِهِ، وَإِنْ كَانَ تَقْدِيرًا مُمْتَنِعًا. بَلْ يَجِبُ الْفَرْقُ بَيْنَ الْمَاهِيَّةِ الْمُقَيَّدَةِ بِكَوْنِهَا فِي الذِّهْنِ، وَبَيْنَ الْمَاهِيَّةِ الْمُطْلَقَةِ الَّتِي لَا تَتَقَدَّرُ بِذِهْنٍ وَلَا خَارِجٍ، مَعَ الْعِلْمِ بِأَنَّ هَذِهِ الْمَاهِيَّةَ الْمُطْلَقَةَ لَا تَكُونُ أَيْضًا إِلَّا فِي الذِّهْنِ، وَإِنْ أَعْرَضَ الذِّهْنُ عَنْ كَوْنِهَا فِي الذِّهْنِ. فَكَوْنُهَا فِي الذِّهْنِ شَيْءٌ، وَالْعِلْمُ بِكَوْنِهَا فِي الذِّهْنِ شَيْءٌ آخَرُ. وَهَؤُلَاءِ يَتَصَوَّرُونَ (٣) أَشْيَاءَ وَيُقَدِّرُونَهَا، وَذَلِكَ لَا يَكُونُ إِلَّا فِي الذِّهْنِ، لَكِنْ حَالَ مَا يَتَصَوَّرُ الْإِنْسَانُ [شَيْئًا] (٤) فِي ذِهْنِهِ وَيُقَدِّرُهُ، قَدْ لَا يَشْعُرُ بِكَوْنِهِ فِي الذِّهْنِ، كَمَنْ رَأَى الشَّيْءَ فِي الْخَارِجِ، فَاشْتَغَلَ بِالْمَرْئِيِّ عَنْ كَوْنِهِ رَائِيًا لَهُ. وَهَذَا يُشْبِهُ مَا يُسَمِّيهِ بَعْضُهُمُ الْفَنَاءَ، الَّذِي يَفْنَى بِمَذْكُورِهِ عَنْ ذِكْرِهِ،
(١) م، ب: وَأَعَمَّ (٢) ن، م: لَمْ تَكُنْ مُقَدَّرَةً (٣) ن، م: وَهَؤُلَاءِ يُصَوِّرُونَ، ح،: وَهُمْ لَا يَتَصَوَّرُونَ (٤) شَيْئًا: فِي (ب) وَسَقَطَتْ مِنْ سَائِرِ النُّسَخِ

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