Minhaj as-SunnahIbn Taimiya

The first half of al-Fātihah, which belongs to the Lord, begins with praise of Him and ends with worship of Him. Its beginning is:

“All praise is for Allah, Lord of all worlds,”

and its end is:

“You alone we worship.”

This is established in the hadith concerning the division:

“Allah—blessed and exalted is He—says: ‘I have divided the prayer between Myself and My servant into two halves. One half is Mine and the other is My servant’s, and My servant shall have what he asks for.

The servant says:

“All praise is for Allah, Lord of all worlds.”

Allah then says, “My servant has praised Me.”

The servant says:

“The Most Compassionate, the Most Merciful.”

Allah Most High then says, “My servant has extolled Me.”

The servant says:

“Master of the Day of Judgment.”

Allah—blessed and exalted is He—then says, “My servant has glorified Me.”

The servant says:

“You alone we worship, and You alone we ask for help.”

Allah Most High then says, “This verse is between Myself and My servant, and My servant shall have what he asks for.”

The servant says:

“Guide us to the straight path,”

through to the end of the surah.

Allah Most High says, “These (1) are for My servant, and My servant shall have what he asks for.”’” Muslim narrated it [in his Sahih] (2).

The Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—said:

“The best words that I and the prophets before me have uttered are: ‘There is no deity worthy of worship except Allah alone, without partner. To Him belongs all sovereignty, and to Him belongs all praise, and He has power over all things.’” (3)

Thus, he brought together the affirmation of Allah’s oneness and

(1) Manuscript *bāʾ* alone reads: “this.” (2) The words “in his *Sahīh*” are absent from manuscripts *nūn* and *mīm*. With some variation in wording, the hadith is narrated from Abū Hurayra—may Allah be pleased with him—in Muslim, 1/296–297 (Book of Prayer, chapter: The Obligation of Reciting al-Fātiha), and *Sunan al-Tirmidhī*, 4/269–270 (Book of Quranic Exegesis, Sura al-Fātiha). (3) Al-Suyūtī cited the hadith in *al-Jāmiʿ al-Kabīr*, 1/128, as follows: “The best words spoken by me and the prophets before me on the evening of ʿArafa are: ‘There is no deity worthy of worship except Allah alone, without partner. His is the dominion, to Him belongs all praise, and He has power over all things.’ Ismāʿīl ibn ʿAbd al-Ghāfir al-Fārisī included it in *al-Arbaʿīn* on the authority of ʿAlī.” Al-ʿAjlūnī cited the hadith in *Kashf al-Khafāʾ*, 1/153, saying: “The best supplication is that of the Day of ʿArafa, and the best words spoken by me and the prophets before me are: ‘There is no deity worthy of worship except Allah alone, without partner.’ Mālik narrated it in *mursal* form from Talha ibn ʿUbayd Allāh ibn Kurayz. Al-Tirmidhī also transmitted it from ʿAmr ibn Shuʿayb, from his father, from his grandfather, and graded it *hasan*, with the wording: ‘The best supplication is that of the Day of ʿArafa.’ He added: ‘His is the dominion, to Him belongs all praise, and He has power over all things.’ Al-Bayhaqī narrated it from Abū Hurayra with the wording: ‘The best supplication is that of the Day of ʿArafa, and the best words spoken by me and the prophets before me are: “There is no deity worthy of worship except Allah”’—and the remainder of the hadith. After ‘and to Him belongs all praise,’ he added: ‘He gives life and causes death, and all good is in His hand.’” I found that Mālik cited the hadith in *mursal* form, with the wording reported by al-ʿAjlūnī, in two places: 1/214–215 (Book of the Quran, chapter: Reports Concerning Supplication) and 2/422–423 (Book of Pilgrimage, chapter: General Matters Concerning Pilgrimage). The commentary states that Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr said: “All transmissions from Mālik agree that it is *mursal*. I know of no connected version with this chain through any route that may be used as proof. Reports concerning virtuous deeds do not require a chain that may be used as proof. It has, however, been narrated with a connected chain in the hadiths of ʿAlī and Ibn ʿAmr.” Al-Tirmidhī cited it with the wording reported by al-ʿAjlūnī in his *Sunan*, 5/231 (Book of Supplications, chapter: The Virtues of Saying, “There is no power and no strength except through Allah”). He said: “This is a *hasan gharīb* hadith through this chain. Hammād ibn Abī Humayd is Muhammad ibn Abī Humayd, who is Ibrāhīm al-Ansārī al-Madanī. Hadith scholars do not regard him as strong.” Shaykh Ahmad Shākir referred to the hadith in his notes on the *Musnad*, al-Maʿārif edition, 11/180. He stated that al-Mundhirī cited it in *al-Targhīb* through al-Tirmidhī’s narration and reported al-Tirmidhī’s grading of it as *hasan*. As for al-Bayhaqī’s narration of the hadith from Abū Hurayra, al-Suyūtī cited it, while al-Albānī graded it weak in *Daʿīf al-Jāmiʿ al-Saghīr*, 1/315.
وَأَوَّلُ نِصْفِ الْفَاتِحَةِ الَّذِي لِلرَّبِّ حَمْدُهُ، وَآخِرُهُ عِبَادَتُهُ، أَوَّلُهُ: {الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ} ، وَآخِرُهُ: {إِيَّاكَ نَعْبُدُ} . كَمَا ثَبَتَ فِي حَدِيثِ الْقِسْمَةِ: " يَقُولُ اللَّهُ - تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى -: «قَسَمْتُ الصَّلَاةَ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ عَبْدِي نِصْفَيْنِ، فَنِصْفُهَا لِي، وَنِصْفُهَا لِعَبْدِي، وَلِعَبْدِي مَا سَأَلَ. يَقُولُ الْعَبْدُ: {الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ} ; فَيَقُولُ اللَّهُ: حَمِدَنِي عَبْدِي، يَقُولُ الْعَبْدُ: {الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ} ، فَيَقُولُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: أَثْنَى عَلَيَّ عَبْدِي، يَقُولُ الْعَبْدُ: {مَالِكِ يَوْمِ الدِّينِ} فَيَقُولُ اللَّهُ - تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى -: مَجَّدَنِي عَبْدِي، يَقُولُ الْعَبْدُ: {إِيَّاكَ نَعْبُدُ وَإِيَّاكَ نَسْتَعِينُ} ، فَيَقُولُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ عَبْدِي، وَلِعَبْدِي مَا سَأَلَ. يَقُولُ الْعَبْدُ: {اهْدِنَا الصِّرَاطَ الْمُسْتَقِيمَ} إِلَى آخِرِ السُّورَةِ. يَقُولُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: هَؤُلَاءِ (١) لِعَبْدِي، وَلِعَبْدِي مَا سَأَلَ» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ [فِي صَحِيحِهِ] (٢) . وَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ -: " «أَفْضَلُ مَا قُلْتُ: أَنَا وَالنَّبِيُّونَ مِنْ قَبْلِي: لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ، لَهُ الْمُلْكُ، وَلَهُ الْحَمْدُ، وَهُوَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ» " (٣) فَجَمَعَ بَيْنَ التَّوْحِيدِ
(١) ب (فَقَطْ) : هَذَا. (٢) فِي صَحِيحِهِ سَاقِطَةٌ مِنْ (ن) ، (م) وَالْحَدِيثُ - مَعَ اخْتِلَافٍ فِي اللَّفْظِ - عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ فِي مُسْلِمٍ ١/٢٩٦ - ٢٩٧ (كِتَابُ الصَّلَاةِ بَابُ وُجُوبِ قِرَاءَةِ الْفَاتِحَةِ) سُنَنِ التِّرْمِذِيِّ ٤/٢٦٩ - ٢٧٠ (كِتَابُ التَّفْسِيرِ سُورَةُ الْفَاتِحَةِ) . (٣) ذَكَرَ السُّيُوطِيُّ الْحَدِيثَ فِي " الْجَامِعِ الْكَبِيرِ " ١/١٢٨ فَقَالَ: " أَفْضَلُ مَا قُلْتُ أَنَا وَالنَّبِيُّونَ مِنْ قَبْلِي عَشِيَّةَ عَرَفَةَ: لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ، لَهُ الْمُلْكُ لَهُ الْحَمْدُ وَهُوَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ. إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْغَافِرِ الْفَارِسِيُّ فِي الْأَرْبَعِينَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ "، وَذَكَرَ الْعَجْلُونِيُّ الْحَدِيثَ فِي " كَشْفِ الْخَفَاءِ " ١/١٥٣ فَقَالَ: " أَفْضَلُ الدُّعَاءِ دُعَاءُ يَوْمِ عَرَفَةَ، وَأَفْضَلُ مَا قُلْتُ أَنَا وَالنَّبِيُّونَ مِنْ قَبْلِي لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ. رَوَاهُ مَالِكٌ عَنْ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ كُرَيْزٍ مُرْسَلًا، وَأَخْرَجَهُ التِّرْمِذِيُّ وَحَسَّنَهُ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ بِلَفْظِ: خَيْرُ الدُّعَاءِ دُعَاءُ يَوْمِ عَرَفَةَ، وَزَادَ: لَهُ الْمُلْكُ وَلَهُ الْحَمْدُ وَهُوَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ، وَرَوَاهُ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ بِلَفْظِ: أَفْضَلُ الدُّعَاءِ دُعَاءُ يَوْمِ عَرَفَةَ، وَأَفْضَلُ قَوْلِي وَقَوْلِ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ قَبْلِي لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ - الْحَدِيثَ، وَزَادَ بَعْدَ: وَلَهُ الْحَمْدُ يُحْيِي وَيُمِيتُ وَبِيَدِهِ الْخَيْرُ ". وَوَجَدْتُ أَنَّ مَالِكًا قَدْ أَوْرَدَ الْحَدِيثَ مُرْسَلًا بِاللَّفْظِ الَّذِي ذَكَرَهُ الْعَجْلُونِيُّ فِي مَوْضِعَيْنِ ١/٢١٤ - ٢١٥ (كِتَابُ الْقُرْآنِ، بَابُ مَا جَاءَ فِي الدُّعَاءِ) ٢/٤٢٢ - ٤٢٣ (كِتَابُ الْحَجِّ، بَابُ جَامِعِ الْحَجِّ) ، وَفِي التَّعْلِيقِ: قَالَ ابْنُ عَبْدِ الْبَرِّ: " لَا خِلَافَ عَنْ مَالِكٍ فِي إِرْسَالِهِ، وَلَا أَحْفَظُ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ مُسْنَدًا مِنْ وَجْهٍ يُحْتَجُّ بِهِ، وَأَحَادِيثُ الْفَضَائِلِ لَا تَحْتَاجُ إِلَى مُحْتَجٍّ بِهِ، وَقَدْ جَاءَ مُسْنَدًا مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَلِيٍّ وَابْنِ عَمْرٍو ". أَمَّا التِّرْمِذِيُّ فَقَدْ أَوْرَدَهُ بِاللَّفْظِ الَّذِي ذَكَرَهُ الْعَجْلُونِيُّ فِي سُنَنِهِ ٥/٢٣١ (كِتَابُ الدَّعَوَاتِ بَابٌ فِي فَضَائِلِ لَا حَوْلَ وَلَا قُوَّةَ إِلَّا بِاللَّهِ) ، وَقَالَ: " هَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ غَرِيبٌ مِنْ هَذَا الْوَجْهِ، وَحَمَّادُ بْنُ أَبِي حُمَيْدٍ هُوَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي حُمَيْدٍ، وَهُوَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ الْمَدِينِيُّ، وَلَيْسَ هُوَ بِالْقَوِيِّ عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْحَدِيثِ "، وَأَشَارَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ شَاكِر فِي تَعْلِيقَاتِهِ فِي الْمُسْنَدِ (ط. الْمَعَارِفِ) ١١/١٨٠ إِلَى الْحَدِيثِ وَقَالَ: إِنَّ الْحَدِيثَ ذَكَرَهُ الْمُنْذِرِيُّ فِي " التَّرْغِيبِ " مِنْ رِوَايَةِ التِّرْمِذِيِّ وَنَقَلَ عَنْهُ تَحْسِينَهُ، وَأَمَّا رِوَايَةُ الْبَيْهَقِيِّ لِلْحَدِيثِ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ فَقَدْ ذَكَرَهَا السُّيُوطِيُّ، وَضَعَّفَهَا الْأَلْبَانِيُّ فِي " ضَعِيفِ الْجَامِعِ الصَّغِيرِ " ١/٣١٥

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