Minhaj as-SunnahIbn Taimiya

after that, recite what He has revealed (1) to you. It is for Us to gather that in your heart, for you to recite it with your tongue, and then for you to explain it (2) to the people after Gabriel has left you.

His statement:

“What those who speak by allusion are referring to is the elimination of temporal origination (3) and the affirmation of pre-eternity.”

In response, it is said: By this, they mean negating all that is temporally originated (4)—that is, that nothing is present except the Pre-eternal One. This may be understood in two ways. If it means entirely negating all that is temporally originated (5) and asserting that the servant is the Pre-eternal One, this is worse than what the Christians say, although it is close to what the Jacobite Christians say. The Jacobites maintain that divinity and humanity mingled and blended together, becoming one substance, one hypostasis, and one nature. Some of them say, “The two hands that were nailed (6) are the very hands by which Adam was created.”

The Nestorians, however, maintain that divinity indwells humanity. The Melkites (7) say that he is one person, possessing one hypostasis, with two natures and two wills (8). They liken him to iron and fire; the Nestorians liken him to water in vessels; and the Jacobites liken him to water mixed with milk, and water mixed with wine (9).

(1) B only reads: “what was revealed.” (2) W reads: “Then it is for Us to explain it.” (3) B and M read: *al-hudūth* (temporal origination). (4) W reads: *al-hadath* (the temporal event). (5) H reads: “If the negation of the temporal event is intended.” (6) N reads: *shammarnā* (“we raised”). (7) H reads: *al-Malakiyya* (“the Melkites”). (8) W reads: “and two relations.” (9) B alone reads: *wa-al-humr* (“and the red ones”). See the doctrines of the Jacobites, Nestorians, and Melkites among the Christians in al-Shahrastānī, *al-Milal wa-al-Nihal*, 1/203–208; *al-Fasl fi al-Milal wa-al-Nihal*, 1/110–132. See also Ibn Taymiyya, *al-Jawāb al-Sahīh li-man Baddala Dīn al-Masīh*, al-Madanī Press, Cairo, 1379/1959.
بَعْدَ هَذَا اقْرَأْ مَا أَنْزَلَهُ (١) إِلَيْكَ، وَعَلَيْنَا أَنْ نَجْمَعَ ذَلِكَ فِي قَلْبِكَ، وَأَنْ تَقْرَأَهُ بِلِسَانِكَ، ثُمَّ أَنْ تُبَيِّنَهُ (٢) لِلنَّاسِ بَعْدَ ذَهَابِ جِبْرِيلَ عَنْكَ. وَقَوْلُهُ: " وَالَّذِي يُشَارُ إِلَيْهِ عَلَى أَلْسُنِ الْمُشِيرِينَ أَنَّهُ إِسْقَاطُ الْحَدَثِ (٣) ، وَإِثْبَاتُ الْقِدَمِ " . فَيُقَالُ: مُرَادُهُمْ بِهَذَا نَفْيُ الْمُحْدَثِ (٤) ، أَيْ: لَيْسَ هُنَا إِلَّا الْقَدِيمُ، وَهَذَا عَلَى وَجْهَيْنِ. فَإِنْ أُرِيدَ بِهِ نَفْيُ الْمُحْدَثِ (٥) بِالْكُلِّيَّةِ، وَأَنَّ الْعَبْدَ هُوَ الْقَدِيمُ، فَهَذَا شَرٌّ مِنْ قَوْلِ النَّصَارَى، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَرِيبٌ إِلَى قَوْلِ الْيَعْقُوبِيَّةِ مِنَ النَّصَارَى ; فَإِنَّ الْيَعْقُوبِيَّةَ يَقُولُونَ: إِنِ اللَّاهُوتَ وَالنَّاسُوتَ امْتَزَجَا وَاخْتَلَطَا فَصَارَا جَوْهَرًا وَاحِدًا، وَأُقْنُومًا وَاحِدًا، وَطَبِيعَةً وَاحِدَةً، وَيَقُولُ بَعْضُهُمْ: إِنَّ الْيَدَيْنِ اللَّتَيْنِ سَمَّرَتَا (٦) هُمَا الْيَدَانِ اللَّتَانِ خُلِقَ بِهِمَا آدَمُ. وَأَمَّا النُّسْطُورِيَّةُ فَيَقُولُونَ بِحُلُولِ اللَّاهُوتِ فِي النَّاسُوتِ، وَالْمَلَكَانِيَّةُ (٧) يَقُولُونَ: شَخْصٌ وَاحِدٌ، لَهُ أُقْنُومٌ وَاحِدٌ، بِطَبِيعَتَيْنِ وَمَشِيئَتَيْنِ (٨) . وَيُشَبِّهُونَهُ بِالْحَدِيدَةِ وَالنَّارِ، وَالنُّسْطُورِيَّةُ يُشَبِّهُونَهُ بِالْمَاءِ فِي الظُّرُوفِ، وَالْيَعْقُوبِيَّةُ يُشَبِّهُونَهُ بِاخْتِلَاطِ الْمَاءِ وَاللَّبَنِ، وَالْمَاءِ وَالْخَمْرِ (٩) .
(١) ب (فَقَطْ) : مَا أُنْزِلَ. (٢) و: ثُمَّ إِنَّ عَلَيْنَا أَنْ نُبَيِّنَهُ. (٣) ب، م: الْحُدُوثُ. (٤) و: الْحَدَثِ. (٥) ح: فَإِنْ أُرِيدَ نَفْيٌ لِلْحَدَثِ. (٦) ن: شَمَّرْنَا (٧) ح: وَالْمَلَكِيَّةُ. (٨) و: وَنِسْبَتَيْنِ. (٩) ب فَقَطْ: وَالْحُمْرِ، وَانْظُرْ أَقْوَالَ الْيَعْقُوبِيَّةِ وَالنُّسْطُورِيَّةِ وَالْمَلَكَانِيَّةِ مِنَ النَّصَارَى فِي الْمِلَلِ وَالنِّحَلِ لِلشَّهْرَسْتَانِيِّ ١/٢٠٣ - ٢٠٨ الْفِصَلِ فِي الْمِلَلِ وَالنِّحَلِ ١/١١٠ - ١٣٢ وَانْظُرْ كِتَابَ " الْجَوَابِ الصَّحِيحِ لِمَنْ بَدَّلَ دِينَ الْمَسِيحِ " لِابْنِ تَيْمِيَّةَ ط. الْمَدَنِيِّ الْقَاهِرَةِ ١٣٧٩/١٩٥٩

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