Minhaj as-Sunnah - Ibn Taimiya - (5/244)

Minhaj as-SunnahIbn Taimiya

they were given it, they would not fight; and they prey only upon some people. *)
(1)
These people, however, fight others over religion in order to make them abandon what has been established by the Book, the sunnah, and the consensus of the Companions, and instead adopt what these people have introduced through their false interpretation and corrupt understanding of the Quran. Despite this, Ali—may Allah be pleased with him—expressly stated that they were believers, not disbelievers or hypocrites.

This differs from what some people, such as Abu Ishāq al-Isfarāyīnī and his followers, used to say:

“We declare no one a disbeliever except those who declare us disbelievers.”

(2)
For the judgment of disbelief is not their right; rather, it is Allah’s right (3). A person may not lie about someone who lies (4) about him, nor may he commit an indecent act against the family of someone who committed such an act against his family. Indeed, even if a man forced him into sodomy (5), he would have no right to force that man into the same act. If a man killed someone by forcing wine down his throat, or sodomized him (6), he could not lawfully be killed in the same manner (7), because such conduct is forbidden on account of Allah Most High’s right. If the Christians were to insult our Prophet, we would not be entitled to insult Christ.

Likewise, if the Rāfidah declare Abu Bakr and Umar disbelievers, we are not entitled to declare Ali a disbeliever. The hadith of Abu Wāil accords with those two hadiths. It appears that this, too, occurred on the day of Nahrawān. A still better statement than this has been reported from him concerning the combatants at the Battle of the Camel and Siffīn.

Ishāq ibn Rāhawayh said:

Abu Nuaym related to us: Sufyān related to us, from Jafar ibn Muhammad, from his father, who said:

On the day of the Battle of the Camel, or on the day of (8) Siffīn, Ali heard a man speaking in extreme terms, so he said:

(1) The text between the two asterisks is omitted from manuscript alif. (2) Manuscripts hā, bā, rā, and wāw read: “Except those who declare us disbelievers.” (3) Manuscript hā reads: “Allah.” (4) Manuscripts alif and wāw read: “lied.” (5) Manuscripts nūn and mīm read: “Even if he forced him into sodomy”; manuscripts wāw and rā read: “Even if a man forced him into sodomy.” (6) The word *bihi* (“him”) is omitted from manuscripts alif, bā, hā, and rā. (7) Manuscript wāw reads: “He would have no right to kill him in the same manner.” (8) Manuscripts hā and bā read: “and on the day of.”

أُعْطُوهُ لَمْ يُقَاتِلُوا، وَإِنَّمَا يَتَعَرَّضُونَ لِبَعْضِ النَّاسِ *) (١) وَهَؤُلَاءِ يُقَاتِلُونَ النَّاسَ عَلَى الدِّينِ حَتَّى يَرْجِعُوا عَمَّا ثَبَتَ بِالْكِتَابِ وَالسُّنَّةِ وَإِجْمَاعِ الصَّحَابَةِ إِلَى مَا ابْتَدَعَهُ هَؤُلَاءِ بِتَأْوِيلِهِمُ الْبَاطِلِ وَفَهْمِهِمُ الْفَاسِدِ لِلْقُرْآنِ. وَمَعَ هَذَا فَقَدَ صَرَّحَ عَلِيٌّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ بِأَنَّهُمْ مُؤْمِنُونَ لَيْسُوا كُفَّارًا وَلَا مُنَافِقِينَ. وَهَذَا بِخِلَافِ مَا كَانَ يَقُولُهُ بَعْضُ النَّاسِ، كَأَبِي إِسْحَاقَ الْإِسْفَرَايِينِيِّ وَمَنِ اتَّبَعَهُ، يَقُولُونَ: " لَا نُكَفِّرُ إِلَّا مَنْ يَكْفُرُ " (٢) فَإِنَّ الْكُفْرَ لَيْسَ حَقًّا لَهُمْ، بَلْ هُوَ حَقٌّ لِلَّهِ (٣) ، وَلَيْسَ لِلْإِنْسَانِ أَنْ يَكْذِبَ عَلَى مَنْ يَكْذِبُ (٤) عَلَيْهِ، وَلَا يَفْعَلُ الْفَاحِشَةَ بِأَهْلِ مَنْ فَعَلَ الْفَاحِشَةَ بِأَهْلِهِ، بَلْ وَلَوِ اسْتَكْرَهَهُ رَجُلٌ عَلَى اللِّوَاطَةِ (٥) ، لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ أَنْ يَسْتَكْرِهَهُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ، وَلَوْ قَتَلَهُ بِتَجْرِيعِ خَمْرٍ أَوْ تَلَوَّطَ بِهِ (٦) لَمْ يَجُزْ قَتْلُهُ بِمِثْلِ ذَلِكَ (٧) ، لِأَنَّ هَذَا حَرَامٌ لِحَقِّ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى. وَلَوْ سَبَّ النَّصَارَى نَبِيَّنَا، لَمْ يَكُنْ لَنَا أَنَّ نَسُبَّ الْمَسِيحَ. وَالرَّافِضَةُ إِذَا كَفَّرُوا أَبَا بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ، فَلَيْسَ لَنَا أَنْ نُكَفِّرَ عَلِيًّا. وَحَدِيثُ أَبِي وَائِلٍ يُوَافِقُ ذَيْنَكَ الْحَدِيثَيْنِ. فَالظَّاهِرُ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَوْمُ النَّهْرَوَانِ أَيْضًا. وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْهُ فِي أَهْلِ الْجَمَلِ وَصِفِّينَ قَوْلٌ أَحْسَنُ مِنْ هَذَا. قَالَ إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ رَاهَوَيْهِ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، قَالَ: سَمِعَ عَلِيًّ يَوْمَ الْجَمَلِ أَوْ يَوْمَ (٨) صِفِّينَ رَجُلًا يَغْلُو فِي الْقَوْلِ، فَقَالَ:

(١) مَا بَيْنَ النَّجْمَتَيْنِ سَاقِطٌ مِنْ (أ) . (٢) ح، ب، ر، و: إِلَّا مَنْ يُكَفِّرُنَا. (٣) ح: اللَّهِ. (٤) أ، و: كَذَبَ. (٥) ن، م: وَلَوِ اسْتَكْرَهَهُ عَلَى اللُّوطِيَّةِ، و، ر: وَلَوِ اسْتَكْرَهَهُ رَجُلٌ عَلَى اللُّوطِيَّةِ. (٦) بِهِ: سَاقِطَةٌ مِنْ (أ) ، (ب) ، (ح) ، (ر) . (٧) و: لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ أَنْ يَقْتُلَهُ بِمِثْلِ ذَلِكَ. (٨) ح، ب: وَيَوْمَ.