such as the sick, travelers, menstruating women, and anyone for whom the month was uncertain, who exercised his best judgment and then fasted afterward; his fast suffices. But this does not apply to one who deliberately breaks his fast.
They said:
For this reason, the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—did not command the man who had intercourse with his wife during Ramadan to make up the fast; rather, he commanded him only to offer expiation.
A report stating that he commanded him to make it up occurs in a weak hadith, which scholars—including Ahmad ibn Hanbal and others—declared weak (1). Likewise, it has been reported concerning someone who deliberately induces vomiting that he must make up the fast. However, it has not been established that this report is traced back to the Prophet; it is established only as a statement of Abu Hurayrah. Even assuming its authenticity, it would refer to an excused person who believed that he was permitted to induce vomiting, or to a sick person who needed to induce vomiting and did so. Ordinarily, one induces vomiting only for a valid excuse; otherwise, no rational person would deliberately induce vomiting without need (2). Thus, the person inducing vomiting is using it as a treatment, just as one seeks treatment
(1) See Ibn Qudāma, *al-Mughnī*, 3/109–110, regarding the ruling on one who has intercourse with his wife during Ramadan, the positions of the jurists of the various legal schools on this issue, and the view that making up the day is obligatory. The Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—said to the man who had intercourse: “Fast one day in its place.” This was narrated by Abū Dāwūd with his chain of transmission, as well as by Ibn Mājah and al-Athram. Expiation is also binding upon him, based on the hadith recorded by both al-Bukhārī and Muslim from Abū Hurayra, who said: “While we were sitting with the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—a man came to him and said, ‘O Messenger of Allah, I am ruined.’ He asked, ‘What has happened to you?’ The man replied, ‘I had intercourse with my wife during Ramadan while fasting.’” The remainder of the hadith states that the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—commanded him either to emancipate a slave, fast for two consecutive months, or feed sixty poor people. When he was unable to do any of these, the Prophet gave him an *araq* (container) holding dates and instructed him to give it in charity, but then told him: “Feed it to your family.” See also al-Albānī, *Irwā al-Ghalīl*, 4/88–93, for his discussion of the two hadiths and his disagreement with Ibn Taymiyya concerning making up the day. He cites Ibn Hajar’s statement in *al-Fath*, 4/150: “Taken together, these lines of transmission show that this addition—namely, the wording ‘and [the Prophet] commanded him to fast one day in its place’—has a basis.”
(2) Manuscripts nūn and mīm read: “without need.”