Minhaj as-Sunnah - Ibn Taimiya - (5/218)

Minhaj as-SunnahIbn Taimiya

an excuse (1). Likewise, even if all the inhabitants of a city missed it (2), they would not perform it (3) on Saturday.

As for the five daily prayers, it is established that a person with a valid excuse performs them when able. The Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—said:

“Whoever sleeps through a prayer or forgets it must perform it when he remembers it, for that is its time. There is no expiation for it other than this.” (4)

Likewise, regarding the fast of Ramadan, Allah commanded the traveler, the sick person, and the menstruating woman to fast (5) an equivalent number of other days.

The period shared by Zuhr and Asr, and by Maghrib and Ishā, is a time (6) in which both prayers may lawfully be performed (7) when there is an excuse. If they are performed without an excuse, the person who does so is sinful; nevertheless, the prayer has been performed at a time that is, broadly speaking, its time.

The Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—commanded that prayer be performed behind rulers who delayed the prayer, and he prohibited fighting them, despite censuring them and their wrongdoing. Those rulers used to delay Zuhr until the time of Asr. Then a group of the Shi'a (8) arose and began habitually combining the two prayers during the time of the first, without any excuse. The shared time thus accommodates considerations that do not apply when the prescribed time is missed altogether: permission to combine because of an excuse, the rulers’ interpretive judgment, and the validity of the prayer despite the sin incurred by delaying it. An absolute lapse is like that of a person who deliberately does not fast during Ramadan and says, “I shall fast in Shawwāl,” or who postpones Zuhr and Asr

(1) Manuscript nūn reads: “because of an excuse or otherwise”; manuscript mīm reads: “because of an excuse, but not otherwise.” (2) Manuscript hā reads: “if they forgot.” (3) Manuscript wāw reads: “Likewise, if all the inhabitants of the city missed the Friday prayer on Friday, they would not perform it.” (4) The hadith appeared a few pages earlier, on p. 212. (5) Manuscripts alif, wāw, and rā read: “that he fast”; manuscripts hā and bā read: “that she fast.” (6) The word “time” is absent from manuscripts nūn, mīm, and wāw. (7) Manuscripts nūn and mīm read: “performing it.” (8) Manuscript wāw reads: “a third group of the Shia.”

عُذْرٍ (١) ، وَكَذَلِكَ لَوْ فَوَّتَهَا (٢) أَهْلُ الْمِصْرِ كُلُّهُمْ لَمْ يُصَلُّوهَا (٣) يَوْمَ السَّبْتِ. وَأَمَّا الصَّلَوَاتُ الْخَمْسُ فَقَدْ ثَبَتَ أَنَّ الْمَعْذُورَ يُصَلِّيهَا إِذَا أَمْكَنَهُ، كَمَا قَالَ النَّبِيُّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " «مَنْ نَامَ عَنْ صَلَاةٍ أَوْ نَسِيَهَا فَلْيُصَلِّهَا إِذَا ذَكَرَهَا، فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ وَقْتَهَا لَا كَفَّارَةَ لَهَا إِلَّا ذَلِكَ» " (٤) . وَكَذَلِكَ صَوْمُ رَمَضَانَ أَمْرَ اللَّهُ الْمُسَافِرَ وَالْمَرِيضَ وَالْحَائِضَ أَنْ يَصُومُوا (٥) نَظِيرَهُ فِي أَيَّامٍ أُخَرَ. وَالْوَقْتُ الْمُشْتَرَكُ بَيْنَ الظُّهْرِ وَالْعَصْرِ وَالْمَغْرِبِ وَالْعِشَاءِ وَقْتٌ (٦) لِجَوَازِ فِعْلِهِمَا (٧) جَمِيعًا عِنْدَ الْعُذْرِ، وَإِنْ فُعِلَتَا لِغَيْرِ عُذْرٍ فَفَاعِلُهُمَا آثِمٌ، لَكِنَّ هَذِهِ قَدْ فُعِلَتْ فِي وَقْتٍ هُوَ وَقْتُهَا فِي الْجُمْلَةِ. وَقَدْ أَمَرَ النَّبِيُّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - بِالصَّلَاةِ خَلْفَ الْأُمَرَاءِ الَّذِينَ يُؤَخِّرُونَ الصَّلَاةَ، وَنَهَى عَنْ قِتَالِهِمْ، مَعَ ذَمِّهِمْ وَظُلْمِهِمْ. وَأُولَئِكَ كَانُوا يُؤَخِّرُونَ الظُّهْرَ إِلَى الْعَصْرِ، فَجَاءَتْ طَائِفَةٌ مِنَ الشِّيعَةِ (٨) فَصَارُوا يَجْمَعُونَ بَيْنَ الصَّلَاتَيْنِ فِي وَقْتِ الْأُولَى دَائِمًا مِنْ غَيْرِ عُذْرٍ، فَدَخَلَ فِي الْوَقْتِ الْمُشْتَرِكِ مِنْ جَوَازِ الْجَمْعِ لِلْعُذْرِ، مِنْ تَأْوِيلِ الْوُلَاةِ وَتَصْحِيحِ الصَّلَاةِ مَعَ إِثْمِ التَّفْوِيتِ، مَا لَمْ يَدْخُلْ فِي التَّفْوِيتِ الْمُطْلَقِ ; كَمَنْ يُفْطِرُ شَهْرَ رَمَضَانَ عَمْدًا وَيَقُولُ: أَنَا أَصُومُ فِي شَوَّالٍ، أَوْ يُؤَخِّرُ الظُّهْرَ وَالْعَصْرَ

(١) ن: بِعُذْرٍ أَوْ بِغَيْرِهِ، م: بِعُذْرٍ وَلَا بِغَيْرِهِ. (٢) ح: لَوْ سَهَى. (٣) و: وَكَذَلِكَ لَوْ فَوَّتَ أَهْلُ الْمِصْرِ كُلُّهُمْ صَلَاةَ الْجُمُعَةِ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ لَمْ يُصَلُّوهَا. (٤) سَبَقَ الْحَدِيثُ قَبْلَ صَفَحَاتٍ ص ٢١٢ (٥) أ، و، ر: أَنْ يَصُومَ، ح، ب: أَنْ تَصُومَ. (٦) وَقْتٌ: سَاقِطَةٌ مِنْ (ن) ، (م) ، (و) . (٧) ن، م: فِعْلِهَا. (٨) و: طَائِفَةٌ ثَالِثَةٌ مِنَ الشِّيعَةِ.