16
is like the negation applied to other acts, as in his saying:
“There is no prayer without the Opening Chapter of the Quran.” (1)
And he said to the man who had prayed improperly:
“Go back and pray, for you have not prayed.” (2)
And when he instructed the man who prayed alone behind the row to repeat his prayer, he said:
“There is no prayer for one who stands alone behind the row.” (3)
And he said:
“Whoever hears the call to prayer and then fails to respond without an excuse has no prayer.” (4)
Whoever among the jurists says that this negates only completeness is told: If you mean recommended completeness, this is false for two reasons. The first is that it is never found in the Lawgiver’s wording that He negates an act which the servant performed in the manner required of him merely because he omitted some recommended elements. Rather, the Lawgiver negates an act only when the servant has not performed it as required.
(1) Manuscript wāw reads: “except with the Opening of the Book.” The hadith is narrated with the wording, “There is no prayer for one who does not recite the Opening of the Book,” and also, “There is no prayer for one who does not recite the Mother of the Quran.” It is narrated from ‘Ubāda ibn al-Sāmit—may Allah be pleased with him—in Sahīh al-Bukhārī, 1/147–148, Book of the Call to Prayer, chapter “The Obligation of Recitation for the Imam and the Congregant”; Sahīh Muslim, 1/295, Book of Prayer, chapter “The Obligation of Reciting the Opening Chapter in Every Rak‘a”; and Sunan Abī Dāwūd, 1/301, Book of Prayer, chapter “One Who Omits Reciting the Opening of the Book in His Prayer.” Its wording there is: “There is no prayer for one who does not recite the Opening of the Book and something beyond it.” The hadith is also recorded in the Sunan collections of al-Tirmidhī, al-Nasā’ī, Ibn Mājah, and al-Dārimī, as well as al-Muwatta’ and al-Musnad. Al-Albānī discussed it in detail in Irwā’ al-Ghalīl, 2/10–12, hadith no. 302.
(2) This hadith was cited a few pages earlier.
(3) This hadith was cited a few pages earlier.
(4) The hadith is narrated from Ibn ‘Abbās—may Allah be pleased with them both—with the wording, “Whoever hears the call and does not come to it has no prayer unless he has an excuse,” in Sunan Ibn Mājah, 1/260, Book of Mosques and Congregational Prayer, chapter “The Stern Warning against Failing to Attend Congregational Prayer.” It is recorded once with this wording and once as, “Whoever hears the call and does not respond has no prayer,” in al-Hākim’s al-Mustadrak, 1/245, Book of Prayer. Al-Hākim said, “It is authentic according to the criteria of al-Bukhārī and Muslim, although they did not record it,” and al-Dhahabī concurred. Al-Albānī authenticated the hadith in Irwā’ al-Ghalīl, 2/337–338, where he discussed it and its other narrations.
فِيهِ كَنَفْيِ غَيْرِهِ،
كَقَوْلِهِ:
"
«لَا صَلَاةَ إِلَّا بِأُمِّ الْقُرْآنِ»
"
(١)
.
وَقَوْلُهُ لِلْمُسِيءِ:
"
«ارْجِعْ فَصَلِّ فَإِنَّكَ لَمْ تُصَلِّ»
"
(٢)
.
وَقَوْلُهُ لِلْمُنْفَرِدِ خَلْفَ الصَّفِّ لَمَّا أَمَرَهُ بِالْإِعَادَةِ:
"
«لَا صَلَاةَ لِفَذٍّ خَلْفَ الصَّفِّ»
"
(٣)
وَقَوْلُهُ:
"
«مَنْ سَمِعَ النِّدَاءَ ثُمَّ لَمْ يُجِبْ مِنْ غَيْرِ عُذْرٍ فَلَا صَلَاةَ لَهُ»
"
(٤)
.
وَمَنْ قَالَ مِنَ الْفُقَهَاءِ:
إِنَّ هَذَا لِنَفْيِ الْكَمَالِ.
قِيلَ لَهُ:
إِنْ أَرَدْتَ الْكَمَالَ الْمُسْتَحَبَّ ; فَهَذَا بَاطِلٌ لِوَجْهَيْنِ: أَحَدُهُمَا: أَنَّ هَذَا لَا يُوجَدُ قَطُّ فِي لَفْظِ الشَّارِعِ: أَنَّهُ يَنْفِي عَمَلًا فَعَلَهُ الْعَبْدُ عَلَى الْوَجْهِ الَّذِي وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ يَنْفِيهِ لِتَرْكِ بَعْضِ الْمُسْتَحَبَّاتِ. بَلِ الشَّارِعُ لَا يَنْفِي عَمَلًا إِلَّا إِذَا لَمْ يَفْعَلُهُ الْعَبْدُ كَمَا وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ.
(١) و: إِلَّا بِفَاتِحَةِ الْكِتَابِ، وَجَاءَ الْحَدِيثُ بِلَفْظِ: (لَا صَلَاةَ لِمَنْ لَمْ يَقْرَأْ بِفَاتِحَةِ الْكِتَابِ) وَبِلَفْظِ: لَا صَلَاةَ لِمَنْ لَمْ يَقْرَأْ بِأُمِّ الْقُرْآنِ. عَنْ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ فِي: الْبُخَارِيِّ ١/١٤٧ - ١٤٨ كِتَابُ الْأَذَانِ، بَابُ وُجُوبِ الْقِرَاءَةِ لِلْإِمَامِ وَالْمَأْمُومِ، مُسْلِمٍ ١/٢٩٥ كِتَابُ الصَّلَاةِ، بَابُ وُجُوبِ قِرَاءَةِ الْفَاتِحَةِ فِي كُلِّ رَكْعَةٍ، سُنَنَ أَبِي دَاوُدَ ١/٣٠١ كِتَابُ الصَّلَاةِ، بَابُ مَنْ تَرَكَ الْقِرَاءَةَ فِي صَلَاتِهِ بِفَاتِحَةِ الْكِتَابِ، وَلَفْظُهُ: وَلَا صَلَاةَ لِمَنْ لَمْ يَقْرَأْ بِفَاتِحَةِ الْكِتَابِ فَصَاعِدًا. وَالْحَدِيثُ فِي سُنَنِ التِّرْمِذِيِّ وَالنَّسَائِيِّ وَابْنِ مَاجَهْ وَالدَّارِمِيِّ وَالْمُوَطَّأِ وَالْمُسْنَدِ، وَتَكَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِ الْأَلْبَانِيُّ كَلَامًا مُفَصَّلًا فِي إِرْوَاءِ الْغَلِيلِ ٢/١٠ - ١٢ حَدِيثٌ رَقْمُ ٣٠٢
(٢) سَبَقَ الْحَدِيثُ قَبْلَ صَفَحَاتٍ.
(٣) سَبَقَ الْحَدِيثُ قَبْلَ صَفَحَاتٍ.
(٤) جَاءَ الْحَدِيثُ بِلَفْظِ مَنْ سَمِعَ النِّدَاءَ فَلَمْ يَأْتِهِ فَلَا صَلَاةَ لَهُ إِلَّا مِنْ عُذْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا فِي: سُنَنِ ابْنِ مَاجَهْ ١/٢٦٠ كِتَابُ الْمَسَاجِدِ وَالْجَمَاعَاتِ، بَابُ التَّغْلِيظِ فِي التَّخَلُّفِ عَنِ الْجَمَاعَةِ، وَجَاءَ الْحَدِيثُ بِهَذَا اللَّفْظِ مَرَّةً وَبِلَفْظِ: مَنْ سَمِعَ النِّدَاءَ فَلَمْ يُجِبْ فَلَا صَلَاةَ لَهُ، فِي الْمُسْتَدْرَكِ لِلْحَاكِمِ ١/٢٤٥ كِتَابُ الصَّلَاةِ، وَقَالَ الْحَاكِمُ: صَحِيحٌ عَلَى شَرْطِ الشَّيْخَيْنِ وَلَمْ يُخْرِجَاهُ، وَوَافَقَهُ الذَّهَبِيُّ، وَصَحَّحَ الْأَلْبَانِيُّ الْحَدِيثَ فِي إِرْوَاءِ الْغَلِيلِ ٢/٣٣٧ - ٣٣٨ وَتَكَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِ وَعَلَى رِوَايَاتٍ أُخْرَى لَهُ.