Minhaj as-Sunnah - Ibn Taimiya - (5/201)

Minhaj as-SunnahIbn Taimiya

Most scholars disputed him on this point. They said:

Anyone who deliberately omits an obligatory act must repeat the prayer whenever repetition remains possible, for he has failed to do what he was commanded to do despite being capable of doing it; therefore, that duty is not waived for him.

Al-Bukhārī and Muslim narrated (1) in their two Sahih collections the hadith of the man who performed his prayer improperly. The Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—*) (2) said to him:

“Go back and pray, for you have not prayed.”

He then instructed him to pray with composure (3). This authentic hadith therefore demonstrates that what a person performs after omitting an obligatory act does not constitute prayer; rather, he is commanded to pray. The Lawgiver—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—(4) denies something its designation only when some of its obligatory elements are absent. Thus, he said:

“For you (5) have not prayed,”

because the man had omitted some of prayer’s obligatory elements, and his prayer was neither complete nor established in the manner commanded in the words of Allah Most High:

“When you are secure, establish the prayer.”

[Surah al-Nisā’: 103]

He thus commanded that it be performed in full.

Likewise, when He commanded that Hajj and Umrah be completed, He said:

“Complete Hajj and Umrah for Allah.”

(1) N, M, and R read: “and both narrated it.” (2) The text between the two asterisks is omitted from A. (3) The hadith is narrated from Abū Hurayra—may Allah be pleased with him. It is a lengthy hadith beginning with the words: “Go back and pray, for you have not prayed.” See al-Bukhārī, 8/135–136, Book of Oaths and Vows, chapter “If One Unintentionally Breaks an Oath”; Muslim, 1/298, Book of Prayer, chapter “The Obligation to Recite al-Fātiha in Every Rak'a”; Sunan al-Tirmidhī, 1/185–187, Book of Prayer, chapter “Reports Concerning the Description of Prayer”—where it is narrated from Rifā'a ibn Rāfi' and Abū Hurayra; Sunan al-Nasā'ī, 2/96, Book of Commencement, chapter “The Obligation of the Opening Takbīr”; and Sunan Ibn Mājah, 1/336–337, Book of Establishing Prayer, chapter “Completing the Prayer.” (4) The words “may Allah bless him and grant him peace” are an addition in H and B. (5) R, H, and B read: “indeed, you”; N reads: “because you.”

وَهَذَا مِمَّا نَازَعَهُ فِيهِ الْأَكْثَرُونَ، وَقَالُوا: مَنْ تَرَكَ الْوَاجِبَ عَمْدًا فَعَلَيْهِ الْإِعَادَةُ الْمُمْكِنَةُ، لِأَنَّهُ لَمْ يَفْعَلْ مَا أُمِرَ بِهِ، وَهُوَ قَادِرٌ عَلَى فِعْلِهِ، فَلَا يَسْقُطُ عَنْهُ. وَقَدْ أَخْرَجَا (١) فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ حَدِيثُ الْمُسِيءِ فِي صَلَاتِهِ، لَمَّا قَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ *) (٢) : " «ارْجِعْ فَصَلِّ ; فَإِنَّكَ لَمْ تُصَلِّ» " وَأَمَرَهُ بِالصَّلَاةِ الَّتِي فِيهَا طُمَأْنِينَةٌ (٣) ، فَدَلَّ هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ الصَّحِيحُ عَلَى أَنَّ مَنْ تَرَكَ الْوَاجِبَ لَمْ يَكُنْ مَا فَعَلَهُ صَلَاةً، بَلْ يُؤْمَرُ بِالصَّلَاةِ. وَالشَّارِعُ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - (٤) لَا يَنْفِي الِاسْمَ إِلَّا لِانْتِفَاءِ بَعْضِ وَاجِبَاتِهِ، فَقَوْلُهُ: " «فَإِنَّكَ (٥) لَمْ تُصَلِّ» " لِأَنَّهُ تَرَكَ بَعْضَ وَاجِبَاتِهَا وَلَمْ تَكُنْ صَلَاتُهُ تَامَّةً مُقَامَةً الْإِقَامَةَ الْمَأْمُورَ بِهَا فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: {فَإِذَا اطْمَأْنَنْتُمْ فَأَقِيمُوا الصَّلَاةَ} [سُورَةُ النِّسَاءِ: ١٠٣] فَقَدْ أَمَرَ بِإِتْمَامِهَا. وَلِهَذَا لَمَّا أَمَرَ بِإِتْمَامِ الْحَجِّ وَالْعُمْرَةِ بِقَوْلِهِ: {وَأَتِمُّوا الْحَجَّ وَالْعُمْرَةَ لِلَّهِ}

(١) ن، م، ر: وَقَدْ أَخْرَجَاهُ. (٢) مَا بَيْنَ النَّجْمَتَيْنِ سَاقِطٌ مِنْ (أ) . (٣) الْحَدِيثُ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ، وَهُوَ حَدِيثٌ مُطَوَّلٌ أَوَّلُهُ عِبَارَةُ: ارْجِعْ فَصَلِّ فَإِنَّكَ لَمْ تُصَلِّ. فِي الْبُخَارِيِّ ٨/١٣٥ - ١٣٦ كِتَابُ الْأَيْمَانِ وَالنُّذُورِ، بَابُ إِذَا حَنَثَ نَاسِيًا فِي الْأَيْمَانِ، مُسْلِمٍ ١/٢٩٨ كِتَابُ الصَّلَاةِ، بَابُ وُجُوبِ قِرَاءَةِ الْفَاتِحَةِ فِي كُلِّ رَكْعَةٍ، سُنَنَ التِّرْمِذِيِّ ١/١٨٥ - ١٨٧ كِتَابُ الصَّلَاةِ، بَابُ مَا جَاءَ فِي وَصْفِ الصَّلَاةِ، وَالْحَدِيثُ فِيهَا عَنْ رِفَاعَةَ بْنِ رَافِعٍ وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، سُنَنَ النَّسَائِيِّ ٢، ٩٦ كِتَابُ الِافْتِتَاحِ بَابُ فَرْضِ التَّكْبِيرَةِ الْأُولَى، سُنَنَ ابْنِ مَاجَهْ ١/٣٣٦ - ٣٣٧ كِتَابُ إِقَامَةِ الصَّلَاةِ، بَابُ إِتْمَامِ الصَّلَاةِ. (٤) صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: زِيَادَةٌ فِي (ح) ، (ب) . (٥) ر، ح، ب: إِنَّكَ، ن: لِأَنَّكَ.