Minhaj as-SunnahIbn Taimiya

He said (1):

(There is an objection to this method. We say: If we consider “the originated thing” insofar as it is preceded by nonexistence, then, subject to this condition, it cannot be said that its possibility is restricted to one time rather than another, in view of the proofs you have mentioned. Hence, (2) its possibility is perpetually established. Yet the perpetuity of its possibility does not entail that it ceases to be originated. For when we considered it insofar as it is preceded by nonexistence, its being preceded by nonexistence became an essential constituent of it, and an essential constituent cannot be removed. If the possibility of an originated thing coming into existence, considered insofar as it is originated, does not entail that it ceases to be originated, then this argument is invalid.)

He said (3):

(This is an objection that must be resolved.)

I say: The response is: (4) This objection is the counterargument upon which he relied in his theological works, such as (al-Arba‘īn) (5), and elsewhere. Al-Āmidī likewise relied upon it in (Daqā’iq al-Haqā’iq) and elsewhere (6). It is invalid for two reasons:

First, it contains no answer to their argument; rather, it is merely a counterargument.

Second, it may be said: His statement, (“the originated thing”)

(1) Immediately after the preceding passage. (2) N reads: *fa-inna dhā* (“for indeed this”); M reads: *fa-inna idhā* (“for indeed, if…”). (3) Immediately after the preceding passage. (4) *Fa-yuqālu* (“It may be said”) is omitted from (A) and (B). (5) This is the book *al-Arba'īn fī Usūl al-Dīn* (The Forty on the Fundamentals of Religion), which was printed in Hyderabad in 1353 AH. (6) He was Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn Abi Ali Muhammad ibn Sālim al-Tha'labī, Sayf al-Dīn al-Āmidī. Initially a Hanbalī and later a Shāfi'ī, he was one of the leading Ash'arites. He authored works on the fundamentals of religion, jurisprudence, logic, philosophy, and dialectics. Among his best-known books are *Abkār al-Afkār* and *Daqā'iq al-Haqā'iq*. He died in Damascus in 631 AH. For his biography, see Ibn Khallikān, 2/455–456; *Tabaqāt al-Shāfi'iyya*, 8/306–307; *Shadharāt al-Dhahab*, 5/144–145; and *al-A'lām*, 5/153.
قَالَ (١) : (وَعَلَى هَذِهِ الطَّرِيقَةِ إِشْكَالٌ ; لِأَنَّا نَقُولُ: (الْحَادِثُ) إِذَا اعْتَبَرْنَاهُ مِنْ حَيْثُ كَوْنِهِ مَسْبُوقًا بِالْعَدَمِ، فَهُوَ مَعَ هَذَا الشَّرْطِ لَا يُمْكِنُ أَنْ يُقَالَ: بِأَنَّ إِمْكَانَهُ يَتَخَصَّصُ بِوَقْتٍ دُونَ وَقْتٍ لِمَا ذَكَرْتُمُوهُ مِنَ الْأَدِلَّةِ، فَإِذَنْ (٢) إِمْكَانُهُ ثَابِتٌ دَائِمًا، ثُمَّ لَا يَلْزَمُ مِنْ دَوَامِ إِمْكَانِهِ خُرُوجُهُ عَنِ الْحُدُوثِ ; لِأَنَّا لَمَّا أَخَذْنَاهُ مِنْ حَيْثُ كَوْنِهِ مَسْبُوقًا بِالْعَدَمِ كَانَتْ مَسْبُوقِيَّتِهِ بِالْعَدَمِ جُزْءًا ذَاتِيًّا لَهُ، وَالْجُزْءُ الذَّاتِيُّ لَا يُرْفَعُ، وَإِذَا لَمْ يَلْزَمْ مِنْ إِمْكَانِ حُدُوثِ الْحَادِثِ مِنْ حَيْثُ إِنَّهُ حَادِثٌ خُرُوجُهُ عَنْ كَوْنِهِ حَادِثًا، فَقَدْ بَطَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْحُجَّةُ) . قَالَ (٣) : (فَهَذَا شَكٌّ لَا بُدَّ مِنْ حَلِّهِ) . قُلْتُ: فَيُقَالُ: (٤) هَذَا الشَّكُّ هُوَ الْمُعَارَضَةُ الَّتِي اعْتَمَدَ عَلَيْهَا فِي كُتُبِهِ الْكَلَامِيَّةِ (كَالْأَرْبَعِينَ) (٥) ، وَغَيْرِهِ، وَعَلَيْهَا اعْتَمَدَ الْآمِدِيُّ فِي (دَقَائِقِ الْحَقَائِقِ) ، وَغَيْرِهِ (٦) ، وَهِيَ بَاطِلَةٌ لِوَجْهَيْنِ: أَحَدُهُمَا: أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ فِيهَا جَوَابٌ عَنْ حُجَّتِهِمْ، بَلْ هِيَ مُعَارَضَةٌ مَحْضَةٌ، الثَّانِي: أَنْ يُقَالَ: قَوْلُهُ (الْحَادِثُ)
(١) بَعْدَ الْكَلَامِ السَّابِقِ مُبَاشَرَةً. (٢) ن: فَإِنَّ ذَا ; م: فَإِنَّ إِذَا. (٣) بَعْدَ الْكَلَامِ السَّابِقِ مُبَاشَرَةً. (٤) فَيُقَالُ: سَاقِطَةٌ مِنْ (أ) ، (ب) . (٥) وَهُوَ كِتَابُ " الْأَرْبَعِينَ فِي أُصُولِ الدِّينِ " وَقَدْ طُبِعَ بِحَيْدَرَآبَادَ سَنَةَ ١٣٥٣. (٦) هُوَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي عَلِيٍّ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ الثَّعْلَبِيِّ، سَيْفُ الدِّينِ الْآمِدِيُّ الْحَنْبَلِيُّ ثُمَّ الشَّافِعِيُّ، مِنْ أَئِمَّةِ الْأَشَاعِرَةِ، وَقَدْ صَنَّفَ فِي أُصُولِ الدِّينِ وَالْفِقْهِ وَالْمَنْطِقِ وَالْحِكْمَةِ وَالْخِلَافِ. وَمِنْ أَشْهَرِ كُتُبِهِ " أَبْكَارُ الْأَفْكَارِ " وَ " دَقَائِقُ الْحَقَائِقِ " وَقَدْ تُوُفِّيَ بِدِمَشْقَ سَنَةَ ٦٣١. تَرْجَمْتَهُ فِي ابْنِ خِلِّكَانَ ٢/٤٥٥ - ٤٥٦ ; طَبَقَاتِ الشَّافِعِيَّةِ ٨/٣٠٦ - ٣٠٧ ; شَذَرَاتِ الذَّهَبِ ٥/١٤٤ - ١٤٥ ; الْأَعْلَامِ ٥/١٥٣.

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