unlike anyone who does not share their sin.

If it is said, “This was already known from His report,” the reply is: He had not previously informed us of this; rather, He indicated that this is His ruling and that no other ruling may be ascribed to Him, as was also indicated by the verses cited above.

Moreover, the revealed texts speak of weighing with equity and state that “Allah does not wrong even by an atom’s weight. If there is a good deed, He multiplies it and grants from Himself a tremendous reward.” This indicates that adding even an atom’s weight to evil deeds or deducting it from good deeds would constitute injustice, from which Allah is exalted. It also indicates that He weighs deeds with equity, which is justice, and therefore that anything contrary to this is not equitable but unjust (1)—and Allah is exalted far above it. If there were no justice here (2), there would be no need for weighing; for if torment and bliss were allotted according to no just standard, but solely by will, there would be no need for weighing.

He Most High says:

“These are the verses of Allah, which We recite to you in truth, and Allah desires no injustice for the worlds.”

[Surah Āl Imrān: 108]

Al-Zajjāj and others said: “He has informed us that He punishes those whom He punishes because they deserve it.”

Another said: “It means that He does not punish them without an offense.” Thus, He called this injustice.

Moreover, Allah Most High has stated in more than one place that He does not burden any soul beyond its capacity, as in His saying:

“As for those who believe and perform righteous deeds—We do not burden any soul beyond its capacity.”

[Surah al-Arāf: 42]

And His saying:

“No soul is burdened beyond its capacity.”

[Surah al-Baqarah: 233]

And His saying:

“Allah does not burden any soul beyond what He has given it.”