mentioned above does not apply to him. When news reached him of what had been done to his cousin Muslim ibn Aqīl, he abandoned his bid for authority and asked to go to his cousin Yazīd (1), to the frontier, or back to his own land. They did not allow him to do so; instead, they demanded that he surrender himself to them as a captive, though he was under no obligation to do so.

[People Introduced Two Innovations on Āshūrā: the Innovation of Grief and Wailing and the Innovation of Joy and Rejoicing]

(Chapter).

Following the killing of al-Husayn—may Allah be pleased with him—Satan began introducing two innovations among the people:

The innovation of grief and wailing on Āshūrā, consisting of striking oneself, screaming, weeping, going thirsty, and reciting elegies, along with what this leads to: reviling and cursing the early generations (2), including the innocent among the guilty, until even the earliest and foremost believers are reviled. Accounts of his death are recited, many of which are false. The one who instituted this intended thereby to open the door to discord and division within the Muslim community. By the consensus of the Muslims, none of this is obligatory or recommended. Indeed, renewing anguish and wailing over calamities long past is among the gravest acts that Allah and His Messenger have forbidden. The same is true of the innovation of joy and rejoicing.

There were in Kūfa a group of Shia who supported al-Husayn. Their leader was (3) al-Mukhtār ibn Abī Ubayd (4), the liar. There was also a group of Nāsibīs who hated Alī—may Allah be pleased with him—and his children; among them was al-Hajjāj ibn Yūsuf al-Thaqafī. It is authentically established in the Sahīh, on the authority of