Minhaj as-SunnahIbn Taimiya

“Do not revert after me to unbelief, striking one another’s necks.” (1)

Thus Ali would be an unbeliever on that account—then your argument would be no stronger than theirs, for the hadiths they cite as evidence are authentic.

They would also say:

Killing people is corruption. Whoever kills people to secure their obedience to himself seeks exaltation on earth and corruption. This was the condition of Pharaoh.

Allah Most High says:

“That home of the Hereafter We assign to those who seek neither exaltation on earth nor corruption. The ultimate outcome belongs to the righteous.”

Surah al-Qasas. Thus, whoever seeks exaltation on earth and corruption will not attain felicity in the Hereafter.

This is unlike al-Siddīq’s fighting the apostates and those who withheld zakat. Al-Siddīq fought them solely for obedience to Allah and His Messenger, not obedience to himself. Zakat was obligatory upon them, so he fought them until they acknowledged its obligation and paid it—unlike one who fights so that he himself will be obeyed.

For this reason, Imam Ahmad, Abu Hanīfah, and others said:

“If someone says, ‘I will pay zakat, but I will not hand it over to the ruler,’ the ruler may not fight him.”

The jurists disagree on this matter. Those who permit fighting someone for refusing obedience to the ruler permit fighting such people. This is the view of a group of jurists, and it is also related from al-Shāfi‘ī—may Allah have mercy upon him.

(1) This hadith is narrated from Jarīr ibn Abd Allāh, Abd Allāh ibn Umar, and Ibn Abbās—may Allah be pleased with them—in: *Sahīh al-Bukhārī*, 1/31 (Book of Knowledge, chapter: Listening Attentively to the Scholars); *Sahīh Muslim*, 1/81–82 (Book of Faith, chapter: Clarification of the Meaning of the Prophet’s Statement—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—“Do not revert…”); *Sunan Abī Dāwūd*, 4/305 (Book of the Sunnah, chapter: Evidence That Faith Increases and Decreases); *Sunan al-Tirmidhī*, 3/329 (Book of Tribulations, chapter: Do Not Revert after Me as Disbelievers); *Sunan al-Dārimī*, vol. 2 (Book of Pilgrimage Rites, chapter: The Sanctity of a Muslim); and *al-Musnad* (al-Maārif ed.), 7/316–317, as well as elsewhere in *al-Musnad*.
" «لَا تَرْجِعُوا بَعْدِي كُفَّارًا يَضْرِبُ بَعْضُكُمْ رِقَابَ بَعْضٍ» " (١) . فَيَكُونُ عَلِيٌّ كَافِرًا لِذَلِكَ - لَمْ تَكُنْ حُجَّتُكُمْ أَقْوَى مِنْ حُجَّتِهِمْ ; لِأَنَّ الْأَحَادِيثَ الَّتِي احْتَجُّوا بِهَا صَحِيحَةٌ. وَأَيْضًا فَيَقُولُونَ: قَتْلُ النُّفُوسِ فَسَادٌ، فَمَنْ قَتَلَ النُّفُوسَ عَلَى طَاعَتِهِ كَانَ مُرِيدًا لِلْعُلُوِّ فِي الْأَرْضِ وَالْفَسَادِ. وَهَذَا حَالُ فِرْعَوْنَ. وَاللَّهُ تَعَالَى يَقُولُ: {تِلْكَ الدَّارُ الْآخِرَةُ نَجْعَلُهَا لِلَّذِينَ لَا يُرِيدُونَ عُلُوًّا فِي الْأَرْضِ وَلَا فَسَادًا وَالْعَاقِبَةُ لِلْمُتَّقِينَ} سُورَةُ الْقَصَصِ فَمَنْ أَرَادَ الْعُلُوَّ فِي الْأَرْضِ وَالْفَسَادَ لَمْ يَكُنْ مِنْ أَهْلِ السَّعَادَةِ فِي الْآخِرَةِ. وَلَيْسَ هَذَا كَقِتَالِ الصِّدِّيقِ لِلْمُرْتَدِّينَ وَلِمَانِعِي الزَّكَاةِ ; فَإِنَّ الصِّدِّيقَ إِنَّمَا قَاتَلَهُمْ عَلَى طَاعَةِ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ: لَا عَلَى طَاعَتِهِ. فَإِنَّ الزَّكَاةَ فَرْضٌ عَلَيْهِمْ، فَقَاتَلَهُمْ عَلَى الْإِقْرَارِ بِهَا، وَعَلَى أَدَائِهَا، بِخِلَافِ مَنْ قَاتَلَ لِيُطَاعَ هُوَ. وَلِهَذَا قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ وَأَبُو حَنِيفَةَ وَغَيْرُهُمَا: مَنْ قَالَ أَنَا أُؤَدِّي الزَّكَاةَ وَلَا أُعْطِيهَا لِلْإِمَامِ لَمْ يَكُنْ لِلْإِمَامِ أَنْ يُقَاتِلَهُ. وَهَذَا فِيهِ نِزَاعٌ بَيْنَ الْفُقَهَاءِ، فَمَنْ يُجَوِّزُ الْقِتَالَ عَلَى تَرْكِ طَاعَةِ وَلِيِّ الْأَمْرِ جَوَّزَ قِتَالَ هَؤُلَاءِ، وَهُوَ قَوْلُ طَائِفَةٍ مِنَ الْفُقَهَاءِ، وَيُحْكَى هَذَا عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ - رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ -.
(١) الْحَدِيثُ عَنْ جَرِيرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ - رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمْ - فِي: الْبُخَارِيِّ ١/٣١ (كِتَابُ الْعِلْمِ، بَابُ الْإِنْصَاتِ لِلْعُلَمَاءِ) ; مُسْلِمٍ ١/٨١ ٨٢ (كِتَابُ الْإِيمَانِ، بَابُ بَيَانِ مَعْنَى قَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ -: لَا تَرْجِعُوا. . .) ; سُنَنِ أَبِي دَاوُدَ ٤/٣٠٥ (كِتَابُ السُّنَّةِ، بَابٌ فِي الدَّلِيلِ عَلَى زِيَادَةِ الْإِيمَانِ وَنُقْصَانِهِ) ; سُنَنِ التِّرْمِذِيِّ ٣/٣٢٩ (كِتَابُ الْفِتَنِ، بَابُ لَا تَرْجِعُوا بَعْدِي كُفَّارًا) ; سُنَنِ الدَّارِمِيِّ ٢ (كِتَابُ الْمَنَاسِكِ، بَابٌ فِي حُرْمَةِ الْمُسْلِمِ) ; الْمُسْنَدِ (ط. الْمَعَارِفِ) ٧/٣١٦ ٣١٧، وَفِي مَوَاضِعَ أُخْرَى فِي الْمُسْنَدِ

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