Minhaj as-Sunnah - Ibn Taimiya - (4/494)

Minhaj as-SunnahIbn Taimiya

while making excuses for them, this would confirm that these latter-day people are followers of those earlier ones, and that al-Siddīq and his followers fight apostates in every age.

As for his statement:

“They called Banū Hanīfah apostates because they did not deliver the zakat to Abū Bakr.”

This is one of the clearest and most blatant lies. He fought Banū Hanīfah only because they believed in Musaylimah the Liar and accepted his claim to prophethood. Those who withheld the zakat, however, were another group, distinct from Banū Hanīfah. Some of the Companions had doubts about the permissibility of fighting them. As for Banū Hanīfah, no one hesitated over the obligation to fight them (1).

As for those who withheld the zakat, “Umar ibn al-Khattāb—may Allah be pleased with him—said:

‘O successor to the Messenger of Allah, how can you fight the people when the Messenger of Allah—may Allah’s blessings and peace be upon him—said: “I have been commanded to fight the people until they testify that there is no deity worthy of worship except Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah. Once they say it (2), their lives and property are protected from me, except as required by its due right, and their reckoning rests with Allah”?’

Abū Bakr replied:

‘Did he not say, “except as required by its due right”? Zakat is one of its due rights. By Allah, if they withheld from me [even a young she-goat or] (3) a hobbling cord that they used to give to the Messenger of Allah—may Allah’s blessings and peace be upon him—I would fight them over it.’” (4)

(1) H reads: “in fighting them”; S reads: “over the permissibility of fighting them.” (2) S reads: “they said this.” (3) The words “even a young she-goat or” are an addition in A and B. (4) S reads: “for withholding it.” The hadith is narrated by Abū Hurayrah—may Allah be pleased with him—and is found in al-Bukhārī, 9/93–94 (Book of Adherence, chapter “Following the Practices of the Messenger of Allah—may Allah’s blessings and peace be upon him”); Muslim, 1/51–52 (Book of Faith, chapter “The Command to Fight the People Until They Say: There Is No Deity but Allah…”); Sunan al-Nasā’ī, 5/10–11 (Book of Zakat, chapter “The Withholder of Zakat”); and al-Muwatta’, 1/269 (Book of Zakat, chapter “What Has Been Related Concerning the Collection of Charitable Payments and Strictness in Doing So”).

مُتَأَوِّلِينَ لَهُمْ، كَانَ هَذَا مِمَّا يُحَقِّقُ أَنَّ هَؤُلَاءِ الْخَلَفَ تَبَعٌ لِأُولَئِكَ السَّلَفِ، وَأَنَّ الصِّدِّيقَ وَأَتْبَاعَهُ يُقَاتِلُونَ الْمُرْتَدِّينَ فِي كُلِّ زَمَانٍ. وَقَوْلُهُ: " إِنَّهُمْ سَمَّوْا بَنِي حَنِيفَةَ مُرْتَدِّينَ، لِأَنَّهُمْ لَمْ يَحْمِلُوا الزَّكَاةَ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ " . فَهَذَا مِنْ أَظْهَرِ الْكَذِبِ وَأَبْيَنِهِ ; فَإِنَّهُ إِنَّمَا قَاتَلَ بَنِي حَنِيفَةَ لِكَوْنِهِمْ آمَنُوا بِمُسَيْلِمَةَ الْكَذَّابِ، وَاعْتَقَدُوا نُبُوَّتَهُ. وَأَمَّا مَانِعُو الزَّكَاةِ فَكَانُوا قَوْمًا آخَرِينَ غَيْرَ بَنِي حَنِيفَةَ. وَهَؤُلَاءِ كَانَ قَدْ وَقَعَ لِبَعْضِ الصَّحَابَةِ شُبْهَةٌ فِي جَوَازِ قِتَالِهِمْ. وَأَمَّا بَنُو حَنِيفَةَ فَلَمْ يَتَوَقَّفْ أَحَدٌ فِي وُجُوبِ قِتَالِهِمْ (١) . وَأَمَّا مَانِعُو الزَّكَاةِ «فَإِنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ - رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ - قَالَ: يَا خَلِيفَةَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ كَيْفَ تُقَاتِلُ النَّاسَ وَقَدْ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ -: " أُمِرْتُ أَنْ أُقَاتِلَ النَّاسَ حَتَّى يَشْهَدُوا أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، فَإِذَا قَالُوهَا (٢) عَصَمُوا مِنِّي دِمَاءَهُمْ وَأَمْوَالَهُمْ إِلَّا بِحَقِّهَا وَحِسَابُهُمْ عَلَى اللَّهِ " . فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: أَلَمْ يَقُلْ: " إِلَّا بِحَقِّهَا " فَإِنَّ الزَّكَاةَ مِنْ حَقِّهَا. وَاللَّهِ لَوْ مَنَعُونِي [عَنَاقًا أَوْ] (٣) عِقَالًا كَانُوا يُؤَدُّونَهُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - لَقَاتَلْتُهُمْ عَلَيْهِ» " (٤) .

(١) هـ: فِي قِتَالِهِمْ ; ص: فِي جَوَازِ قِتَالِهِمْ. (٢) ص: قَالُوا هَذَا. (٣) عَنَاقًا أَوْ: زِيَادَةٌ فِي (أ) ، (ب) . (٤) ص: عَلَى مَنْعِهِ. وَالْحَدِيثُ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ - رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ - فِي: الْبُخَارِيِّ ٩/٩٣ ٩٤ (كِتَابُ الِاعْتِصَامِ، بَابُ الِاقْتِدَاءِ بِسُنَنِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ -) ; مُسْلِمٍ ١/٥١ ٥٢ (كِتَابُ الْإِيمَانِ، بَابُ الْأَمْرِ بِقِتَالِ النَّاسِ حَتَّى يَقُولُوا: لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ. . . .) ; سُنَنِ النَّسَائِيِّ ٥/١٠ ١١ (كِتَابُ الزَّكَاةِ، بَابُ مَانِعِ الزَّكَاةِ) ; الْمُوَطَّأِ ١/٢٦٩ (كِتَابُ الزَّكَاةِ، بَابُ مَا جَاءَ فِي أَخْذِ الصَّدَقَاتِ وَالتَّشْدِيدِ فِيهَا) .