Minhaj as-SunnahIbn Taimiya

As for his statement:

“He ordered him to placate the people over what he had done,”

these are the words of an ignorant man. He sent him only to ensure that they received justice and to compensate them for their losses, not merely to placate them.

Likewise, his statement concerning Khālid:

“He betrayed him, disobeyed his command, and killed Muslims,”

is a lie against Khālid. Khālid did not deliberately betray the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—disobey his command, or kill anyone whom he regarded as a Muslim whose life was inviolable. Rather, he erred, just as Usāmah ibn Zayd erred in the case of the man he killed after he had said, “There is no god but Allah,” and just as the detachment erred when it killed the owner of the small flock, who had said, “I am a Muslim.” They killed him and took his sheep (1).

Allah revealed concerning this:

“O you who believe, when you go forth in the cause of Allah, investigate carefully, and do not say to one who offers you peace, ‘You are not a believer,’ seeking the fleeting gains of worldly life, for with Allah are abundant spoils. You yourselves were like that before, but Allah bestowed His favor upon you; therefore investigate carefully. Surely Allah is fully aware of what you do.”
Surah al-Nisā’

In Sahīh Muslim and other works, Usāmah ibn Zayd said: “The Messenger of Allah—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—sent us against al-Huraqāt of Juhaynah. We attacked them at daybreak and routed them. He said:

“I and a man of the Ansār caught up with one of them. When we closed in on him, he said, ‘There is no god but Allah.’ The Ansārī refrained from attacking him, but I thrust my spear into him and killed him. When we returned to [Medina]—Medina (2)—news of this reached the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—and he said to me, ‘O Usāmah, did you kill him after he had said, “There is no god but Allah”?’ I replied, ‘O Messenger of Allah, he said it only to protect himself.’

(1) A and B read: “his spoils.” (2) Found only in B.
وَأَمَّا قَوْلُهُ: " إِنَّهُ أَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَسْتَرْضِيَ الْقَوْمَ مِنْ فِعْلِهِ " . فَكَلَامُ جَاهِلٍ ; فَإِنَّمَا أَرْسَلَهُ لِإِنْصَافِهِمْ وَضَمَانِ مَا تَلِفَ لَهُمْ، لَا لِمُجَرَّدِ الِاسْتِرْضَاءِ. وَكَذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ عَنْ خَالِدٍ: " إِنَّهُ خَانَهُ وَخَالَفَ أَمْرَهُ وَقَتَلَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ " . كَذِبٌ عَلَى خَالِدٍ ; فَإِنَّ خَالِدًا لَمْ يَتَعَمَّدْ خِيَانَةَ النَّبِيِّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ -، وَلَا مُخَالَفَةَ أَمْرِهِ، وَلَا قَتْلَ مَنْ هُوَ مُسْلِمٌ مَعْصُومٌ عِنْدَهُ، وَلَكِنَّهُ أَخْطَأَ كَمَا أَخْطَأَ أُسَامَةُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ فِي الَّذِي قَتَلَهُ بَعْدَ أَنْ قَالَ: لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، وَقَتْلُ السَّرِيَّةِ لِصَاحِبِ الْغُنَيْمَةِ الَّذِي قَالَ: أَنَا مُسْلِمٌ، فَقَتَلُوهُ وَأَخَذُوا غَنَمَهُ (١) وَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ فِي ذَلِكَ: {يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا ضَرَبْتُمْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ فَتَبَيَّنُوا وَلَا تَقُولُوا لِمَنْ أَلْقَى إِلَيْكُمُ السَّلَامَ لَسْتَ مُؤْمِنًا تَبْتَغُونَ عَرَضَ الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا فَعِنْدَ اللَّهِ مَغَانِمُ كَثِيرَةٌ كَذَلِكَ كُنْتُمْ مِنْ قَبْلُ فَمَنَّ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكُمْ فَتَبَيَّنُوا إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ خَبِيرًا} سُورَةُ النِّسَاءِ. وَفِي صَحِيحِ مُسْلِمٍ وَغَيْرِهِ عَنْ أُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ قَالَ، «بَعَثَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - إِلَى الْحُرَقَاتِ مِنْ جُهَيْنَةَ فَصَبَّحْنَا الْقَوْمَ فَهَزَمْنَاهُمْ قَالَ: " وَلَحِقْتُ أَنَا وَرَجُلٌ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ رَجُلًا مِنْهُمْ، فَلَمَّا غَشِينَاهُ قَالَ: لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، فَكَفَّ عَنْهُ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ، وَطَعَنْتُهُ بِرُمْحِي حَتَّى قَتَلْتُهُ، فَلَمَّا قَدِمْنَا [الْمَدِينَةَ] الْمَدِينَةَ: (٢) بَلَغَ ذَلِكَ النَّبِيَّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - فَقَالَ لِي: " يَا أُسَامَةُ أَقَتَلْتَهُ بَعْدَ أَنْ قَالَ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ؟ " قَالَ: قُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّمَا قَالَهَا مُتَعَوِّذًا.
(١) أ، ب: غُنَيْمَتَهُ. (٢) فِي (ب) فَقَطْ.

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