Minhaj as-SunnahIbn Taimiya

“O Allah, I declare myself innocent before You of what Khālid did (1).” (2) For he feared that Allah might hold him accountable for the aggression committed against them.

Allah Most High said:

“If they disobey you, then say, ‘I am innocent of what you do.’”
Surah al-Shu'arā'

He then sent Ali with a sum of money. Ali paid them half the blood monies and made good all their property losses, down to a dog’s drinking bowl. He also handed them whatever money remained, as a precaution lest there be some loss of which he was unaware (3).

Despite this, the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—did not dismiss Khālid from command (4). Rather, he continued to appoint him as commander and give him precedence. This was because when a commander commits an error or sin, he is ordered to turn back from it but is retained in office. Khālid was not defiant toward the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—but was obedient to him. However, his understanding of jurisprudence and religion was not on par with that of others, so the ruling governing this incident was unclear to him (5).

It is also said that there had been hostility between him and them during the pre-Islamic period, and that this was one of the factors that impelled him to kill them. Ali acted as an envoy in this matter.

(1) S, H, W, M, and R read: “he did.” (2) The hadith narrated by Abd Allah ibn Umar—may Allah be pleased with them both—with some variation in wording, is found in: al-Bukhārī, 4/100–101 (Book of Jizya, chapter: “When they say, ‘We have become Sabeans,’ because they could not properly say, ‘We have embraced Islam’”), 5/160–161 (Book of Military Expeditions, chapter on the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—sending Khālid ibn al-Walīd to Banū Jadhīma), vol. 8 (Book of Supplications, chapter on raising the hands in supplication), and vol. 9 (Book of Legal Judgments, chapter: “If a judge rules unjustly or contrary to the people of knowledge, his ruling is rejected”); Sunan al-Nasā'ī, 8/208–209 (Book of Judicial Etiquette, chapter on rejecting a judge’s ruling when he rules unjustly); and al-Musnad, al-Ma'ārif edition, 9/187–188. (3) See Sīrat Ibn Hishām, 4/70–74; and Ibn Kathīr, al-Sīra al-Nabawiyya, 3/591–593. A dog’s drinking bowl is a wooden vessel hollowed out for the dog to lap from. (4) A and B read: “from his command.” (5) N, M, R, and H read: “the story.”
" «اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَبْرَأُ إِلَيْكَ مِمَّا صَنَعَ (١) خَالِدٌ» " (٢) . لِأَنَّهُ خَافَ أَنْ يُطَالِبَهُ اللَّهُ بِمَا جَرَى عَلَيْهِمْ مِنَ الْعُدْوَانِ. وَقَدْ قَالَ تَعَالَى: {فَإِنْ عَصَوْكَ فَقُلْ إِنِّي بَرِيءٌ مِمَّا تَعْمَلُونَ} سُورَةُ الشُّعَرَاءِ، ثُمَّ أَرْسَلَ عَلِيًّا، وَأَرْسَلَ مَعَهُ مَالًا، فَأَعْطَاهُمْ نِصْفَ الدِّيَاتِ، وَضَمِنَ لَهُمْ مَا تَلِفَ حَتَّى مِيلَغَةَ الْكَلْبِ، وَدَفَعَ إِلَيْهِمْ مَا بَقِيَ احْتِيَاطًا لِئَلَّا يَكُونَ بَقِيَ شَيْءٌ لَمْ يَعْلَمْ بِهِ (٣) .. وَمَعَ هَذَا فَالنَّبِيُّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - لَمْ يَعْزِلْ خَالِدًا عَنِ الْإِمَارَةِ (٤) ، بَلْ مَا زَالَ يُؤَمِّرُهُ وَيُقَدِّمُهُ؛ لِأَنَّ الْأَمِيرَ إِذَا جَرَى مِنْهُ خَطَأٌ أَوْ ذَنْبٌ أُمِرَ بِالرُّجُوعِ عَنْ ذَلِكَ، وَأُقِرَّ عَلَى وِلَايَتِهِ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ خَالِدٌ مُعَانِدًا لِلنَّبِيِّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ -، بَلْ كَانَ مُطِيعًا لَهُ، وَلَكِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِي الْفِقْهِ وَالدِّينِ بِمَنْزِلَةِ غَيْرِهِ، فَخَفِيَ عَلَيْهِ حُكْمُ هَذِهِ الْقَضِيَّةِ (٥) . وَيُقَالُ: إِنَّهُ كَانَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَهُمْ عَدَاوَةٌ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ مِمَّا حَرَّكَهُ عَلَى قَتْلِهِمْ. وَعَلِيٌّ كَانَ رَسُولًا فِي ذَلِكَ.
(١) ص، هـ، و، م، ر: فَعَلَ. (٢) الْحَدِيثُ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ - رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا - مَعَ اخْتِلَافٍ فِي الْأَلْفَاظِ - فِي: الْبُخَارِيِّ ٤/١٠٠ - ١٠١ (كِتَابُ الْجِزْيَةِ، بَابُ إِذَا قَالُوا: صَبَأْنَا، وَلَمْ يُحْسِنُوا: أَسْلَمْنَا) ، ٥/١٦٠ - ١٦١ (كِتَابُ الْمَغَازِي، بَابُ بَعْثِ النَّبِيِّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - خَالِدَ بْنَ الْوَلِيدِ إِلَى بَنِي جَذِيمَةَ) ٨ (كِتَابُ الدَّعَوَاتِ، بَابُ رَفْعِ الْأَيْدِي فِي الدُّعَاءِ) ، ٩ (كِتَابُ الْأَحْكَامِ، بَابُ إِذَا قَضَى الْحَاكِمُ بِجَوْرٍ أَوْ بِخِلَافِ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ فَهُوَ رَدٌّ) ; سُنَنِ النَّسَائِيِّ ٨/٢٠٨ - ٢٠٩ (كِتَابُ آدَابِ الْقُضَاةِ، بَابُ الرَّدِّ عَلَى الْحَاكِمِ إِذَا قَضَى بِغَيْرِ الْحَقِّ) ; الْمُسْنَدِ (ط، الْمَعَارِفِ) ٩/١٨٧ - ١٨٨. (٣) انْظُرْ فِي ذَلِكَ: سِيرَةَ ابْنِ هِشَامٍ ٤/٧٠ - ٧٤ ; السِّيرَةَ النَّبَوِيَّةَ لِابْنِ كَثِيرٍ ٣/٥٩١ - ٥٩٣. وَمِيلَغَةُ الْكَلْبِ: مَا يُحْفَرُ مِنَ الْخَشَبِ لِيَلَغَ فِيهِ الْكَلْبُ (٤) أ، ب: عَنْ إِمَارَتِهِ. (٥) ن، م، ر، هـ: الْقِصَّةِ.

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