Minhaj as-Sunnah - Ibn Taimiya - (4/453)

Minhaj as-SunnahIbn Taimiya

and he said, ‘There is no god but Allah.’ I then stabbed him and killed him, but the matter weighed on my conscience, so I mentioned it to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). He said:

‘Did you kill him after he had said, “There is no god but Allah”?’

I replied, ‘O Messenger of Allah, he said it only out of fear of the weapon.’

He said, ‘Why did you not split open his heart to ascertain whether he had said it [out of fear of the weapon] (1) or not?’

He continued repeating this until I wished that I had embraced Islam that very day.” (2).

It is also related in the two Sahih collections that al-Miqdād ibn al-Aswad (may Allah be pleased with him) said:

“I asked, ‘O Messenger of Allah, suppose I encounter an unbeliever who fights me, strikes one of my hands and severs it, then takes refuge from me behind a tree and says, “I have submitted to Allah.” May I kill him after he has said this?’

The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) replied, ‘Do not kill him.’

I said, ‘O Messenger of Allah, he severed my hand and then said [that] (3) after severing it. May I kill him?’

The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) replied, ‘Do not kill him. If you kill him, he will be in the same position as you were before you killed him, and you will be in the same position as he was before uttering the words he spoke.’” (4).

It has thus been established that these men killed people who were Muslims and whom it was not (5) lawful to kill. Yet the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) neither executed them nor held them liable for the slain through legal retaliation or blood money

(1) The phrase “for fear of weapons” appears in A and B; S reads: “out of fear.” (2) This hadith was cited previously at 1/560. (3) “That” is omitted from N and M. (4) The hadith of al-Miqdād ibn al-Aswad (may Allah be pleased with him) is found in *Sahīh al-Bukhārī*, 5/85 (Book of Military Expeditions, chapter 12: “Khalīfa related to me: Muhammad ibn Abd Allāh al-Ansārī related to us”); *Sahīh Muslim*, 1/95 (Book of Faith, chapter “The Prohibition against Killing an Unbeliever after He Says: ‘There is no deity but Allah’”); *Sunan Abī Dāwūd*, 3/61–62 (Book of Jihad, chapter “On What Grounds the Polytheists Are to Be Fought”); and *al-Musnad* (al-Halabī ed.), 6/5–6. (5) N and M read: “did not.”

فَقَالَ: لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، فَطَعَنْتُهُ فَقَتَلْتُهُ، فَوَقَعَ فِي نَفْسِي مِنْ ذَلِكَ، فَذَكَرْتُهُ لِلنَّبِيِّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - فَقَالَ: " أَقَتَلْتَهُ بَعْدَمَا قَالَ: لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ؟ " قَالَ: قُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّمَا قَالَهَا خَوْفًا مِنَ السِّلَاحِ. قَالَ: " أَفَلَا شَقَقْتَ عَنْ قَلْبِهِ حَتَّى تَعْلَمَ أَقَالَهَا [خَوْفًا مِنَ السِّلَاحِ] (١) أَمْ لَا؟ " فَمَا زَالَ يُكَرِّرُهَا حَتَّى تَمَنَّيْتُ أَنِّي أَسْلَمْتُ يَوْمَئِذٍ» " (٢) . وَفِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ «عَنِ الْمِقْدَادِ بْنِ الْأَسْوَدِ - رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ - قَالَ: قُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، أَرَأَيْتَ إِنْ لَقِيتُ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْكُفَّارِ فَقَاتَلَنِي فَضَرَبَ إِحْدَى يَدَيَّ فَقَطَعَهَا ثُمَّ لَاذَ مِنِّي بِشَجَرَةٍ، فَقَالَ: أَسْلَمْتُ لِلَّهِ. أَفَأَقْتُلُهُ بَعْدَ أَنْ قَالَهَا؟ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ -: " لَا تَقْتُلْهُ " فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّهُ قَطَعَهَا ثُمَّ قَالَ [ذَلِكَ] (٣) بَعْدَ أَنْ قَطَعَهَا، أَفَأَقْتُلُهُ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ -: " لَا تَقْتُلْهُ، فَإِنَّكَ إِنْ قَتَلْتَهُ فَإِنَّهُ بِمَنْزِلَتِكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَقْتُلَهُ، وَإِنَّكَ بِمَنْزِلَتِهِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَقُولُ كَلِمَتَهُ الَّتِي قَالَهَا» " (٤) . فَقَدْ ثَبَتَ أَنَّ هَؤُلَاءِ قَتَلُوا قَوْمًا مُسْلِمِينَ لَا (٥) يَحِلُّ قَتْلُهُمْ، وَمَعَ هَذَا فَلَمْ يَقْتُلْهُمُ النَّبِيُّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - وَلَا ضَمِنَ الْمَقْتُولَ بِقَوَدٍ وَلَا دِيَةٍ

(١) عِبَارَةُ " خَوْفًا مِنَ السِّلَاحِ " فِي (أ) ، (ب) ، وَفِي (ص) : " خَوْفًا ". (٢) مَضَى هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ مِنْ قَبْلُ ١/٥٦٠. (٣) ذَلِكَ: سَاقِطَةٌ مِنْ (ن) ، (م) . (٤) الْحَدِيثُ عَنِ الْمِقْدَادِ بْنِ الْأَسْوَدِ - رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ - فِي الْبُخَارِيِّ ٥/٨٥ (كِتَابُ الْمَغَازِي، بَابُ رَقْمِ ١٢ حَدَّثَنِي خَلِيفَةُ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ) ; مُسْلِمٍ ١/٩٥ (كِتَابُ الْإِيمَانِ، بَابُ تَحْرِيمِ قَتْلِ الْكَافِرِ بَعْدَ أَنْ قَالَ: لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ) ; سُنَنِ أَبِي دَاوُدَ ٣/٦١ - ٦٢ (كِتَابُ الْجِهَادِ، بَابُ عَلَى مَا يُقَاتَلُ الْمُشْرِكُونَ) ; الْمُسْنَدِ (ط. الْحَلَبِيِّ) ٦/٥ - ٦. (٥) ن، م: لَمْ.