sacrificial animals and therefore did not exit ihram. Fātima and the wives of the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—were among those who had not brought [sacrificial animals] (1), so they exited ihram. The hadiths concerning this are well known in the Sahih, Sunan, and Musnad collections (2).

It is thus clear that Muāwiya did not trim the Prophet’s hair—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—during the Farewell Pilgrimage. However, anyone who believed that he did held that a pilgrim performing Umrah followed by Hajj who had brought a sacrificial animal (3) may trim his hair. This is one of the two reports from Ahmad. Another report from him likewise holds that if such a pilgrim arrives before the first ten days of Dhū al-Hijja, he may exit ihram. Mālik and al-Shāfiī permit every pilgrim performing Umrah followed by Hajj to exit ihram, even if he has brought a sacrificial animal. As for Abū Hanīfa, Ahmad—according to the well-known position reported from him—and other scholars, they know (4) from the mass-transmitted Sunnah that one who has brought a sacrificial animal may not exit ihram until the Day of Sacrifice (5).

On this understanding, Muāwiya’s trimming of the Prophet’s hair—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—had indeed (6) occurred before the Farewell Pilgrimage: either during the Umrah of the Treaty—in which case he would have embraced Islam before the Conquest,