Minhaj as-Sunnah - Ibn Taimiya - (4/432)

Minhaj as-SunnahIbn Taimiya

him and grant him peace—in Medina, while Muāwiya persisted (1) in his polytheism and remained a fugitive from the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—because he had declared (2) his blood forfeit. He fled to Mecca, but when he could find no refuge, he went to the Prophet (3)—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—out of necessity and outwardly professed Islam. He became Muslim five months before the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—died. He then placed himself in the hands of al-Abbās, who appealed to the Messenger of Allah—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—on his behalf, and he pardoned him (4). Al-Abbās then interceded with him (5), asking him to honor Muāwiya and include him among the scribes. He granted the request and made him one of fourteen. How great, then, could his share have been during this period (6)—even if we conceded that he was a scribe (7) of revelation—for him to deserve being described as such to the exclusion of all others?

Moreover, al-Zamakhsharī—one of the Hanafī authorities—stated in his book (8), “Rabī al-Abrār,” that four men claimed his prophethood (9). Furthermore, among the scribes (10) was [Abd Allah ibn Sad] (11) ibn Abī Sarh, who apostatized and became a polytheist; concerning him was revealed (12)

(1) K (p. [0–9] 14) reads: “Muāwiya was then persisting…” (2) N, M, W, H, and K read: “hadara (declared forfeit).” Al-Lisān states: “I nullified it—hadartuhu or ahdartuhu—an act of ihdār; the ruler ahdarahu, meaning that he nullified it and rendered it permissible.” (3) R, S, and H read: “When he could find no refuge, he turned to the Prophet…” A and B read “went” instead of “turned.” (4) K reads: “So he pardoned him.” (5) “With him”: thus in W and K; all other manuscripts read: “on his behalf.” (6) K reads: “How much of the scribes’ work could have fallen to him during this period?” (7) K reads: “that he was a scribe…” (8) S and B read: “in his book.” (9) W reads: “souls.” (10) K reads: “among the scribes of revelation.” (11) “Abd Allah ibn Sad” is absent from N, M, W, and K. (12) A and B read: “And His words were revealed concerning him.”

اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الْمَدِينَةَ، وَمُعَاوِيَةُ مُقِيمٌ (١) عَلَى شِرْكِهِ، هَارِبٌ مِنَ النَّبِيِّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ -، لِأَنَّهُ كَانَ قَدْ أَهْدَرَ (٢) دَمَهُ، فَهَرَبَ إِلَى مَكَّةَ، فَلَمَّا لَمْ يَجِدْ لَهُ مَأْوًى صَارَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ (٣) - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - مُضْطَرًّا، فَأَظْهَرَ الْإِسْلَامَ، وَكَانَ إِسْلَامُهُ قَبْلَ مَوْتِ النَّبِيِّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - بِخَمْسَةِ أَشْهُرٍ، وَطَرَحَ نَفْسَهُ عَلَى الْعَبَّاسِ، فَسَأَلَ فِيهِ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - فَعَفَا (٤) ، ثُمَّ شَفَعَ إِلَيْهِ (٥) أَنْ يُشَرِّفَهُ وَيُضِيفَهُ إِلَى جُمْلَةِ الْكُتَّابِ، فَأَجَابَهُ وَجَعَلَهُ وَاحِدًا مِنْ أَرْبَعَةَ عَشَرَ، فَكَمْ كَانَ حَظُّهُ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْمُدَّةِ (٦) لَوْ سَلَّمْنَا أَنَّهُ كَاتِبٌ (٧) الْوَحْيِ حَتَّى اسْتَحَقَّ أَنْ يُوصَفَ بِذَلِكَ دُونَ غَيْرِهِ؟ مَعَ أَنَّ الزَّمَخْشَرِيَّ - مِنْ مَشَايِخِ الْحَنَفِيَّةِ - ذَكَرَ فِي كِتَابِ (٨) " رَبِيعِ الْأَبْرَارِ " أَنَّهُ ادَّعَى نُبُوَّتَهُ أَرْبَعَةُ نَفَرٍ (٩) . عَلَى أَنَّ مِنْ جُمْلَةِ الْكَتَبَةِ (١٠) [عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ سَعْدِ] (١١) بْنِ أَبِي سَرْحٍ وَارْتَدَّ مُشْرِكًا، وَفِيهِ نَزَلَ (١٢)

(١) ك (ص [٠ - ٩] ١٤) : وَمُعَاوِيَةُ حِينَئِذٍ مُقِيمٌ. (٢) ن، م، و، هـ، ك: هَدَرَ. وَفِي " اللِّسَانِ ": " وَهَدَرْتُهُ وَأَهْدَرْتُهُ أَنَا إِهْدَارًا، وَأَهْدَرَهُ السُّلْطَانُ: أَبْطَلَهُ وَأَبَاحَهُ ". (٣) ر، ص، هـ: فَلَمْ يَجِدْ لَهُ مَأْوًى فَصَارَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ. . . وَفِي (أ) ، (ب) : " سَارَ " بَدَلًا مِنْ " صَارَ ". (٤) ك: فَعَفَا عَنْهُ. (٥) إِلَيْهِ: كَذَا فِي (و) ، (ك) . وَفِي سَائِرِ النُّسَخِ.: فِيهِ. (٦) ك: فَكَمْ كَانَ يَخُصُّهُ مِنَ الْكُتَّابِ فِي هَذِهِ الْمُدَّةِ. (٧) ك: أَنَّهُ كَانَ كَاتِبَ. . . (٨) ص، ب: فِي كِتَابِهِ. (٩) و: أَنْفُسٍ. (١٠) ك: مِنْ جُمْلَةِ كَتَبَةِ الْوَحْيِ. (١١) عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ سَعْدٍ: لَيْسَتْ فِي (ن) ، (م) ، (و) ، (ك) . (١٢) أ، ب: وَفِيهِ نَزَلَ قَوْلُهُ.