Minhaj as-Sunnah - Ibn Taimiya - (4/430)

Minhaj as-SunnahIbn Taimiya

For Mecca was conquered, by universal agreement, in Ramadan of 8 AH, and the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—died, also by universal agreement, in Rabi al-Awwal of 11 AH. Everyone had been an unbeliever before coming to believe in what the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—had brought. Among them were some who had been more fiercely hostile to the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—[than Muāwiya] (1), but who then embraced Islam and proved deeply sincere in it. One such person was Abū Sufyān ibn al-Hārith ibn Abd al-Muttalib, the paternal cousin of the Messenger of Allah—may Allah bless him and grant him peace. Before Islam, he was among those who most intensely hated the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—(2) and lampooned him.

As for Muāwiya—may Allah be pleased with him—his father was fiercely hostile to the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—as was his mother until she embraced Islam. She then said:

“By Allah, O Messenger of Allah, there was no household on the face (3) of the earth whose humiliation I desired more than that of your household; but today there is no household on the face of the earth whose honor I desire more than that of your household.”

Reported by al-Bukhārī (4).

It was concerning them that Allah Most High revealed:

“It may be that Allah will bring about affection between you and those of them with whom you were at enmity. Allah is All-Powerful, and Allah is All-Forgiving, Most Merciful.”

Sūrat al-Mumtahana. Allah indeed brought about affection between the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—and those who had been hostile to him, such as Abū Sufyān, Hind, and others. Allah has the power to replace enmity with affection. He forgave them when they repented of idolatry, and He is merciful to the believers—and they had become believers.

(1) “than Muāwiya” is omitted from N and M. (2) “(22)” is omitted from W. (3) N, M, and W read: “the surface of.” (4) This is part of a lengthy hadith narrated by Āisha—may Allah be pleased with her—recorded in al-Bukhārī, 8/131 (Book of Oaths and Vows, chapter “How the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—Used to Swear Oaths”); 5/40 (Book of the Merits of the Ansār, chapter “The Account of Hind bint Utba ibn Rabīa—may Allah be pleased with her”); 9/66 (Book of Legal Rulings, chapter “Those Who Held That a Judge May Rule on the Basis of His Own Knowledge in People’s Affairs”); Muslim, 3/1339 (Book of Judicial Decisions, chapter “The Case of Hind”); and al-Musnad (al-Halabī ed.), 6/225.

فَإِنَّ مَكَّةَ فُتِحَتْ بِاتِّفَاقِ النَّاسِ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ سَنَةَ ثَمَانٍ مِنَ الْهِجْرَةِ، وَالنَّبِيُّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - بِاتِّفَاقِ النَّاسِ تُوُفِّيَ فِي شَهْرِ رَبِيعٍ الْأَوَّلِ سَنَةَ إِحْدَى عَشْرَةَ، وَالنَّاسُ كُلُّهُمْ كَانُوا كُفَّارًا قَبْلَ إِيمَانِهِمْ بِمَا جَاءَ بِهِ النَّبِيُّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ -، وَكَانَ فِيهِمْ مَنْ هُوَ أَشَدَّ عَدَاوَةً لِلنَّبِيِّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - [مِنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ] (١) وَأَسْلَمَ وَحَسُنَ إِسْلَامُهُ، كَأَبِي سُفْيَانَ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ عُبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ ابْنِ عَمِّ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - كَانَ مِنْ أَشَدِّ النَّاسِ بُغْضًا لِلنَّبِيِّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - (٢) وَهِجَاءً لَهُ قَبْلَ الْإِسْلَامِ. وَأَمَّا مُعَاوِيَةُ - رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ - فَكَانَ أَبُوهُ شَدِيدَ الْعَدَاوَةِ لِلنَّبِيِّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ -، وَكَذَلِكَ أَمُّهُ حَتَّى أَسْلَمَتْ، فَقَالَتْ: " «وَاللَّهِ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا كَانَ عَلَى وَجْهِ (٣) الْأَرْضِ أَهْلُ خِبَاءٍ أَحَبَّ إِلَيَّ أَنْ يُذَلُّوا مِنْ أَهْلِ خِبَائِكَ، وَمَا أَصْبَحَ الْيَوْمَ عَلَى ظَهْرِ الْأَرْضِ أَهْلُ خِبَاءٍ أَحَبَّ إِلَيَّ أَنْ يُعَزُّوا مِنْ أَهْلِ خِبَائِكَ» " أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ (٤) . وَفِيهِمْ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: {عَسَى اللَّهُ أَنْ يَجْعَلَ بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَيْنَ الَّذِينَ عَادَيْتُمْ مِنْهُمْ مَوَدَّةً وَاللَّهُ قَدِيرٌ وَاللَّهُ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ} سُورَةُ الْمُمْتَحَنَةِ. فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ جَعَلَ بَيْنَ النَّبِيِّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - وَبَيْنَ الَّذِي عَادُوهُ، كَأَبِي سُفْيَانَ وَهِنْدَ وَغَيْرِهِمَا، مَوَدَّةً، وَاللَّهُ قَدِيرٌ عَلَى تَبْدِيلِ الْعَدَاوَةِ بِالْمَوَدَّةِ، وَهُوَ غَفُورٌ لَهُمْ بِتَوْبَتِهِمْ مِنَ الشِّرْكِ، رَحِيمٌ بِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ، وَقَدْ صَارُوا مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ.

(١) مِنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ: سَاقِطَةٌ مِنْ (ن) ، (م) . (٢) (٢٢) : سَاقِطٌ مِنْ (و) . (٣) ن، م، و: ظَهْرِ. (٤) هَذَا جُزْءٌ مِنْ حَدِيثٍ طَوِيلٍ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ - رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا - فِي الْبُخَارِيِّ ٨/١٣١ (كِتَابُ الْأَيْمَانِ وَالنُّذُورِ، بَابُ كَيْفَ كَانَتْ يَمِينُ النَّبِيِّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ -) ، ٥/٤٠ (كِتَابُ مَنَاقِبِ الْأَنْصَارِ، بَابُ ذِكْرِ هِنْدٍ بِنْتِ عُتْبَةَ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ - رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا -) ; ٩/٦٦ (كِتَابُ الْأَحْكَامِ، بَابُ مَنْ رَأَى لِلْقَاضِي أَنْ يَحْكُمَ بِعِلْمِهِ فِي أَمْرِ النَّاسِ. .) ; مُسْلِمٍ ٣/١٣٣٩ (كِتَابُ الْأَقْضِيَةِ، بَابُ قَضِيَّةِ هِنْدٍ) ; الْمُسْنَدِ (ط. الْحَلَبِيِّ) ٦/٢٢٥.