Minhaj as-Sunnah - Ibn Taimiya - (4/423)

Minhaj as-SunnahIbn Taimiya

may Allah bless him and grant him peace—said:

“Would you not be pleased if I appointed Sa'd ibn Mu'ādh, the leader of al-Aws, to judge them (1)?”

Al-Aws agreed, so the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—sent for Sa'd ibn Mu'ādh. He came riding, having been convalescing in the mosque from a wound he had sustained. Banū Qurayza were situated east of Medina, about half a day’s journey (2) away. When Sa'd—may Allah be pleased with him—approached, the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—said:

“Stand up for your leader.”

[So they rose] (3).

Along the way, his kinsmen appealed to him to pardon them, reminding him of how they had helped (4) and supported him during the Age of Ignorance. When he drew near, he said, “It is time for Sa'd to let no critic’s reproach deter him in matters concerning Allah.”

The Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—instructed him to pass judgment upon them. He ruled (5) that their fighting men be put to death, their women and children taken captive, and their property taken as spoils. The Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—said:

“You have judged them according to Allah’s judgment from above the seven heavens.”

The hadith is established in both Sahih collections (6).

In the hadith narrated by Muslim in his Sahih from Burayda, the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—said:

“If you besiege the people of a fortress and they ask you to accept their surrender (7) subject to Allah’s judgment, do not accept their surrender (8) subject to Allah’s judgment, for you do not know what Allah’s judgment concerning them is,

(1) S: “that I appoint Sa'd to judge among you”; A: “that Sa'd judge among you.” (2) A, B: “half a day.” (3) The words “So they rose” occur only in A and B. (4) S, H, R, M, B: “their assistance.” (5) R, H: “so he ruled concerning them that…” The words “so he ruled” are omitted in S. (6) This hadith was cited earlier in this volume. (7) S, B: “accede to their request.” (8) S, B: “do not accede to their request.”

صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ -: " «أَلَا تَرْضَوْنَ أَنْ أُحَكِّمَ فِيهِمْ (١) . سَعْدَ بْنَ مُعَاذٍ سَيِّدَ الْأَوْسِ؟ " فَرَضِيَتِ الْأَوْسُ بِذَلِكَ، فَأَرْسَلَ النَّبِيُّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - خَلْفَ سَعْدِ بْنِ مُعَاذٍ، فَجَاءَ وَهُوَ رَاكِبٌ، وَكَانَ مُتَمَرِّضًا مِنْ أَثَرِ جُرْحٍ بِهِ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ، وَبَنُو قُرَيْظَةَ شَرْقِيَّ الْمَدِينَةِ بَيْنَهُمْ نِصْفُ نَهَارٍ (٢) . أَوْ نَحْوُ ذَلِكَ، فَلَمَّا أَقْبَلَ سَعْدٌ - رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ - قَالَ النَّبِيُّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ -: " قُومُوا إِلَى سَيِّدِكُمْ " [فَقَامُوا] (٣) . وَأَقَارِبُهُ فِي الطَّرِيقِ يَسْأَلُونَهُ أَنْ يَمُنَّ عَلَيْهِمْ، وَيُذَكِّرُونَهُ بِمُعَاوَنَتِهِمْ (٤) . وَنَصْرِهِمْ لَهُ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، فَلَمَّا دَنَا قَالَ: لَقَدْ آنَ لِسَعْدٍ أَنْ لَا تَأْخُذَهُ فِي اللَّهِ لَوْمَةُ لَائِمٍ، فَأَمَرَهُ النَّبِيُّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - أَنْ يَحْكُمَ فِيهِمْ، فَحَكَمَ بِأَنْ (٥) . تُقْتَلَ مُقَاتِلَتُهُمْ وَتُسْبَى ذَرَارِيُّهُمْ وَتُغْنَمَ أَمْوَالُهُمْ. فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ -: " لَقَدْ حَكَمْتَ فِيهِمْ بِحُكْمِ اللَّهِ مِنْ فَوْقِ سَبْعِ سَمَاوَاتٍ» " . وَالْحَدِيثُ ثَابِتٌ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ (٦) .. وَفِي الْحَدِيثِ الَّذِي رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي صَحِيحِهِ عَنْ بُرَيْدَةَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - قَالَ: " «إِذَا حَاصَرْتَ أَهْلَ حِصْنٍ فَسَأَلُوكَ أَنْ تُنْزِلَهُمْ (٧) . عَلَى حُكْمِ اللَّهِ فَلَا تُنْزِلْهُمْ (٨) . عَلَى حُكْمِ اللَّهِ ; فَإِنَّكَ لَا تَدْرِي مَا حُكْمُ اللَّهِ فِيهِمْ،

(١) ص: أَنْ أُحَكِّمَ فِيكُمْ ; أ: يَحْكُمَ فِيكُمْ (٢) أ، ب: نِصْفُ يَوْمٍ (٣) فَقَامُوا: فِي (أ) ، (ب) فَقَطْ (٤) ص، هـ، ر، م، ب: مُعَاوَنَتَهُمْ (٥) ر، هـ: فَحَكَمَ فِيهِمْ بِأَنْ. وَسَقَطَتْ فَحَكَمَ مِنْ (ص) (٦) سَبَقَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ فِي هَذَا الْجُزْءِ (٧) ص، ب: تَنْزِلَ لَهُمْ (٨) ص، ب: فَلَا تَنْزِلْ لَهُمْ