the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—that he said:
“Whoever sees anything in a ruler that he dislikes should patiently endure it; for whoever separates from the Muslim community by so much as a handspan [has cast the bond of Islam from his neck.”
According to another narration:
“Whoever separates from the Muslim community by so much as a handspan](1) and then dies, his death is [a death](2) of the pre-Islamic age of ignorance.”(3) \ 113..
It is also established in the Sahih, in the hadith of Ibn ʿUmar(4)—may Allah be pleased with him—who said:
I heard the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—say:
“Whoever withdraws his hand from obedience will meet Allah on the Day of Resurrection with no proof in his defense. Whoever dies without a pledge of allegiance upon his neck dies a death of the pre-Islamic age of ignorance.”(5) \ 561..
It is also established in the Sahih that the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—said(6):
“There are three to whom Allah will not speak on the Day of Resurrection(7), whom He will not purify or look upon, and for whom there is a painful punishment: a man who pledges allegiance to a ruler solely for worldly gain—if the ruler gives him some of it, he is pleased, but if he is denied it, he becomes angry”—to the end of the hadith.(8)
(1) The words in square brackets are an addition found only in W.
(2) “A death” is an addition found only in S and B.
(3) This hadith was cited previously at 1.
(4) A and B read: “from Ibn Umar.”
(5) This hadith was cited previously at 1/111 and 1.
(6) The words “that he said” are absent from A and B.
(7) The phrase “on the Day of Resurrection” is absent from A and B.
(8) The hadith is narrated from Abū Hurayra—may Allah be pleased with him—in al-Bukhārī, 3/178 (Book of Testimonies, Chapter on Oaths after the Afternoon Prayer). Its wording is: “There are three people to whom Allah will not speak, whom He will not look upon or purify, and for whom there is a painful punishment: a man who possesses surplus water along a road but withholds it from a traveler; a man who gives another man his pledge of allegiance solely for worldly gain—if the latter gives him what he wants, he honors his pledge, but otherwise he does not; and a man who bargains with another over an item of merchandise after the afternoon prayer and swears by Allah that he was offered such-and-such for it, whereupon the other man buys it.” The hadith is also narrated from Abū Hurayra—may Allah be pleased with him—in al-Bukhārī, 3/110–111 (Book of Drinking and Irrigation, Chapter on the Sin of Denying a Traveler Water), and 9/79 (Book of Rulings, Chapter on One Who Gives a Man His Pledge of Allegiance Solely for Worldly Gain); Muslim, 1 (Book of Faith, Chapter on the Seriousness of the Prohibition against Letting One’s Lower Garment Trail and Reminding Others of One’s Gifts…); Sunan al-Nasā’ī, 7/217 (Book of Sales, Chapter on Swearing an Oath to Deceive in a Sale); and al-Musnad (al-Maārif ed.), 13/180.