16
Likewise, the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—said:
“Your blood, your wealth, and your honor are inviolable to one another, just as this day of yours is sacred, in this month of yours, in this land of yours.” (1)
And he—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—said:
“When two Muslims confront each other with their swords, both the killer and the one killed are in the Fire.”
Someone asked, “O Messenger of Allah, that explains the killer, but what of the one killed?”
He replied, “He was intent on killing his fellow Muslim.” (2)
If someone were to say: “[Indeed,] Ali (3) and those who fought him confronted one another with their swords and deemed it lawful to shed the blood of Muslims (4); the threatened punishment must therefore apply to them,” the answer (5) would be that this threat does not extend to a scholar exercising independent reasoning on the basis of an interpretation, even if he is
(1) These words form part of the Messenger’s sermon—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—at Minā during the Farewell Pilgrimage. They occur in a hadith narrated by Ibn Abbās—may Allah be pleased with them both—in al-Bukhārī 2/176–177 (Book of Hajj, Chapter: The Sermon during the Days of Minā). The hadith begins there: “The Messenger of Allah—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—addressed the people on the Day of Sacrifice and said, ‘O people, what day is this?’ …” A report conveying the same meaning from Abū Bakr—may Allah be pleased with him—appears in Muslim 3/1305–1307 (Book of Qasāma, Chapter: The Emphatic Prohibition of Violating Blood, Honor, and Property). A report conveying the same meaning from Amr ibn al-Ahwas—may Allah be pleased with him—appears in Sunan al-Tirmidhī 3/312–313 (Book of Tribulations, Chapter: Reports Concerning the Inviolability of Blood and Property) and Sunan Ibn Mājah 2/1015 (Book of Pilgrimage Rites, Chapter: The Sermon on the Day of Sacrifice); see also al-Musnad (al-Maʿārif ed.) 3/327, narrated by Ibn Abbās. It also appears elsewhere in al-Bukhārī, Sunan al-Dārimī, and al-Musnad.
(2) The hadith, with similar wording, is narrated from Abū Bakr—may Allah be pleased with him—in several places in al-Bukhārī, including 1/11 (Book of Faith, Chapter: “If Two Groups of Believers Fight One Another …”); Muslim 4/2214–2215 (Book of Tribulations, Chapter: When Two Muslims Face Each Other with Their Swords); Sunan Abī Dāwūd 4/144–145 (Book of Prohibitions, Chapter: The Prohibition of Fighting during Civil Strife); and al-Musnad (al-Halabī ed.) 4/401, 403, 410, 418, narrated from Abū Mūsā al-Asharī—may Allah be pleased with him.
(3) R, S, H, N, M, and W read the passage as: “If someone were to say: ‘Alī …’”
(4) R, S, H, and W read: “the believers.”
(5) A and B read: “then the answer is.”
وَكَذَلِكَ قَوْلُ النَّبِيِّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ -:
"
«إِنَّ دِمَاءَكُمْ وَأَمْوَالَكُمْ وَأَعْرَاضَكُمْ عَلَيْكُمْ حَرَامٌ كَحُرْمَةِ يَوْمِكُمْ هَذَا، فِي شَهْرِكُمْ هَذَا، فِي بَلَدِكُمْ هَذَا»
"
(١)
وَقَوْلُهُ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ -:
" «إِذَا الْتَقَى الْمُسَلَّمَانِ بِسَيْفَيْهِمَا فَالْقَاتِلُ وَالْمَقْتُولُ فِي النَّارِ "
.
قِيلَ:
يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ: هَذَا الْقَاتِلُ فَمَا بَالُ الْمَقْتُولِ؟
قَالَ:
" كَانَ حَرِيصًا عَلَى قَتْلِ صَاحِبِهِ»
(٢)
"
.
فَلَوْ قَالَ قَائِلٌ:
[إِنَّ]
عَلِيًّا
(٣)
وَمَنْ قَاتَلَهُ قَدِ الْتَقَيَا بِسَيْفِهِمَا، وَقَدِ اسْتَحَلُّوا دِمَاءَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ
(٤)
، فَيَجِبُ أَنْ يَلْحَقَهُمُ الْوَعِيدُ.
لَكَانَ جَوَابُهُ
(٥)
: أَنَّ الْوَعِيدَ لَا يَتَنَاوَلُ الْمُجْتَهِدَ الْمُتَأَوِّلَ وَإِنْ كَانَ
(١) هَذِهِ الْعِبَارَاتُ جُزْءٌ مِنْ خُطْبَةِ الرَّسُولِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - فِي مِنًى فِي حَجَّةِ الْوَدَاعِ، وَجَاءَتْ فِي حَدِيثٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ - رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا - فِي الْبُخَارِيِّ ٢/١٧٦ - ١٧٧ (كِتَابُ الْحَجِّ، بَابُ الْخُطْبَةِ أَيَّامَ مِنًى) وَأَوَّلُ الْحَدِيثِ فِيهِ. . أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - خَطَبَ النَّاسَ يَوْمَ النَّحْرِ فَقَالَ: " يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ أَيُّ يَوْمٍ هَذَا؟ . . . الْحَدِيثَ وَهُوَ بِمَعْنَاهُ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ - رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ - فِي مُسْلِمٍ ٣/١٣٠٥ - ١٣٠٧ (كِتَابُ الْقَسَامَةِ، بَابُ تَغْلِيظِ تَحْرِيمِ الدِّمَاءِ وَالْأَعْرَاضِ وَالْأَمْوَالِ) ، وَهُوَ أَيْضًا بِمَعْنَاهُ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْأَحْوَصِ - رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ - فِي: سُنَنِ التِّرْمِذِيِّ ٣/٣١٢ - ٣١٣ (كِتَابُ الْفِتَنِ، بَابُ مَا جَاءَ فِي تَحْرِيمِ الدِّمَاءِ وَالْأَمْوَالِ) ; سُنَنِ ابْنِ مَاجَهْ ٢/١٠١٥ (كِتَابُ الْمَنَاسِكِ، بَابُ الْخُطْبَةِ يَوْمَ النَّحْرِ) ; الْمُسْنَدِ (ط. الْمَعَارِفِ) ٣/٣٢٧ (عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ) . وَهُوَ فِي مَوَاضِعَ أُخْرَى فِي الْبُخَارِيِّ وَسُنَنِ الدَّارِمِيِّ وَفِي الْمُسْنَدِ.
(٢) الْحَدِيثُ - بِأَلْفَاظٍ مُقَارِبَةٍ - عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ - رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ - فِي أَكْثَرَ مِنْ مَوْضِعٍ فِي الْبُخَارِيِّ مِنْهَا: ١/١١ (كِتَابُ الْإِيمَانِ، بَابٌ وَإِنْ طَائِفَتَانِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْتَتَلُوا. .) ; مُسْلِمٍ ٤/٢٢١٤ - ٢٢١٥ (كِتَابُ الْفِتَنِ، بَابٌ إِذَا تَوَاجَهَ الْمُسْلِمَانِ بِسَيْفِهِمَا) ; سُنَنِ أَبِي دَاوُدَ ٤/١٤٤ - ١٤٥ (كِتَابُ النَّهْيِ، بَابٌ فِي النَّهْيِ عَنِ الْقِتَالِ فِي الْفِتْنَةِ) ; الْمُسْنَدِ (ط. الْحَلَبِيِّ) ٤/٤٠١، ٤٠٣، ٤١٠، ٤١٨ (عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيِّ - رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ -) .
(٣) ر، ص، هـ، ن، م، و: قَائِلٌ: عَلِيٌّ.
(٤) ر، ص، هـ، و: الْمُؤْمِنِينَ.
(٥) أ، ب: فَجَوَابُهُ.