16
al-Ghāba (1). At other times, he would command people (2) who met a particular description. Thus, during the campaign (3) of Badr, he commanded everyone who had a mount at hand to set out, and many Muslims consequently did not accompany him. Likewise, (4) during the campaign of al-Sawīq after Uhud, he commanded that none should accompany him except those who had witnessed Uhud. At still other times, he would call them to a general mobilization (5) and permit no one to remain behind, as in the campaign of Tabūk.
The same was the practice of his successors [who came] (6) after him. When Abū Bakr appointed commanders over forces bound for Syria and elsewhere, he would call upon (7) the people to set out with them (8). Once enough men had set out with a commander for Abū Bakr to consider the objective attainable through them, he dispatched him.
When the Prophet—peace and blessings be upon him—sent the expeditionary force to Muʾta and said:
“Your commander is Zayd; if he is killed, then Jaʿfar; and if he is killed, then ʿAbd Allāh ibn Rawāha” (9),
he did not
(1) N reads: “al-Ghāya (‘the endpoint’),” which is an error. Ibn Hishām states in al-Sīra, 3:293–97, that the Messenger of Allah—peace and blessings be upon him—arrived in Medina and had remained there only a few nights when Uyayna ibn Hisn al-Fazārī, at the head of a cavalry force from Ghatafān, raided the Messenger of Allah’s camels at al-Ghāba, a place near Medina. A man of the Banū Ghifār and his wife were with the camels. The raiders killed the man and carried off the woman along with the camels. Salama ibn Amr ibn al-Akwa was the first to learn of the raid. He caught up with them and began shooting arrows at them and shouting. The shouting reached the Prophet—peace and blessings be upon him—who called out in Medina, “To arms! To arms!” The mounted men hastened to the Messenger of Allah—peace and blessings be upon him—and the people assembled. The Messenger of Allah—peace and blessings be upon him—appointed Sad ibn Zayd as their commander, and they caught up with the raiders. This campaign is known as the Campaign of Dhū Qarad. See also Ibn al-Qayyim, Zād al-Maād, ed. Shuayb al-Arnaūt and Abd al-Qādir al-Arnaūt, 3:278–81 (Beirut, 1399/1979).
(2) A, B, and W read: nāsan (“people”).
(3) A and B read: “the warriors.”
(4) A and B read: “the people, and he had.”
(5) A and B read: nafaran (“a group”).
(6) The word “from” appears only in A, B, and H.
(7) N and M read: “called upon.”
(8) “With him” is omitted from A and B.
(9) This phrase forms part of a hadith narrated from Abd Allah ibn Umar—may Allah be pleased with them both—in al-Bukhārī, 5:143 (Kitāb al-Maghāzī, chapter “The Campaign of Muta in the Land of Syria”). Its wording is: Abd Allah ibn Umar—may Allah be pleased with them both—reported: “During the campaign of Muta, the Messenger of Allah—peace and blessings be upon him—appointed Zayd ibn Hāritha as commander and said, ‘If Zayd is killed, then Jafar; and if Jafar is killed, then Abd Allah ibn Rawāha…’”—and the remainder of the hadith. A report with the same meaning is narrated from Ibn Abbās—may Allah be pleased with them both—in al-Musnad (al-Maārif ed.), 4:90. The hadith concerning the Campaign of Muta will be discussed in detail later in this volume, pp. 478–79.
الْغَابَةِ
(١)
، وَتَارَةً يَأْمُرُ أُنَاسًا
(٢)
بِصِفَةٍ، كَمَا أَمَرَ فِي غَزْوَةِ
(٣)
بَدْرٍ أَنْ يَخْرُجَ مَنْ حَضَرَ ظُهْرَهُ، فَلَمْ يَخْرُجْ مَعَهُ كَثِيرٌ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَكَمَا
(٤)
أَمَرَ فِي غَزْوَةِ السَّوِيقِ بَعْدَ أُحُدٍ أَنْ لَا يَخْرُجَ مَعَهُ إِلَّا مَنْ شَهِدَ أُحُدًا، وَتَارَةً يَسْتَنْفِرُهُمْ نَفِيرًا
(٥)
عَامًّا، وَلَا يَأْذَنُ لِأَحَدٍ فِي التَّخَلُّفِ، كَمَا فِي غَزْوَةِ تَبُوكَ.
وَكَذَلِكَ كَانَتْ سُنَّةُ خُلَفَائِهِ
[مِنْ]
(٦)
بَعْدِهِ، وَكَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ لَمَّا أَمَّرَ الْأُمَرَاءَ إِلَى الشَّامِ وَغَيْرِهَا يَنْدُبُ
(٧)
النَّاسَ إِلَى الْخُرُوجِ مَعَهُمْ
(٨)
، فَإِذَا خَرَجَ مَعَ الْأَمِيرِ مَنْ رَأَى حُصُولَ الْمَقْصُودِ بِهِمْ سَيَّرَهُ.
وَالنَّبِيُّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ -
لَمَّا أَرْسَلَ إِلَى مُؤْتَةَ السَّرِيَّةَ الَّتِي أَرْسَلَهَا وَقَالَ:
«أَمِيرُكُمْ زَيْدٌ، فَإِنْ قُتِلَ فَجَعْفَرٌ، فَإِنْ قُتِلَ فَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ رَوَاحَةَ»
(٩)
لَمْ
(١) ن: الْغَايَةِ، وَهُوَ خَطَأٌ. يَقُولُ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ فِي السِّيرَةِ ٣/٢٩٣ - ٢٩٧ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ فَلَمْ يَقُمْ بِهَا إِلَّا لَيَالِيَ قَلَائِلَ حَتَّى أَغَارَ عُيَيْنَةُ بْنُ حِصْنٍ الْفَزَارِيُّ فِي خَيْلٍ مِنْ غَطَفَانَ عَلَى إِبِلٍ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ بِالْغَابَةِ (مَوْضِعٌ قُرْبَ الْمَدِينَةِ) ، وَفِيهَا رَجُلٌ مَنْ بَنِي غِفَارٍ وَامْرَأَةٌ لَهُ فَقَتَلُوا الرَّجُلَ وَأَخَذُوا الْمَرْأَةَ مَعَ الْإِبِلِ، وَكَانَ أَوَّلَ مَنْ عَلِمَ خَبَرَهُمْ سَلَمَةُ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْأَكْوَعِ فَلَحِقَ بِهِمْ وَجَعَلَ يَرْمِيهِمْ وَيَصِيحُ، وَبَلَغَ صِيَاحُهُمُ النَّبِيَّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - فَصَرَخَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ: " الْفَزَعَ الْفَزَعَ " فَتَرَامَتِ الْخُيُولُ إِلَى الرَّسُولِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - وَاجْتَمَعَ النَّاسُ فَأَمَّرَ عَلَيْهِمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - سَعْدَ بْنَ زَيْدٍ وَلَحِقَ النَّاسُ بِالْقَوْمِ وَتُعْرَفُ هَذِهِ الْغَزْوَةُ بِغَزْوَةِ ذِي قَرَدٍ. وَانْظُرْ: " زَادَ الْمَعَادِ " لِابْنِ الْقَيِّمِ (تَحْقِيقَ شُعَيْبٍ الْأَرْنَؤُوطِ وَعَبْدِ الْقَادِرِ الْأَرْنَؤُوطِ) ٣/٢٧٨ ٢٨١، ط. بَيْرُوتَ، ١٣٩٩/١٩٧٩.
(٢) أ، ب، وَ: نَاسًا.
(٣) أ، ب: غَزَاةِ.
(٤) أ، ب: النَّاسِ وَكَانَ.
(٥) أ، ب: نَفْرًا.
(٦) مِنْ: فِي (أ) ، (ب) ، (هـ) فَقَطْ.
(٧) ن، م: نَدَبَ.
(٨) مَعَهُ: سَاقِطَةٌ مِنْ (أ) ، (ب) .
(٩) هَذِهِ الْعِبَارَةُ جُزْءٌ مِنْ حَدِيثٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ - رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا - فِي: الْبُخَارِيِّ ٥/١٤٣ (كِتَابُ الْمَغَازِي، بَابُ غَزْوَةِ مُؤْتَةَ مِنْ أَرْضِ الشَّامِ) وَنَصُّهُ: عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ - رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا - قَالَ: أَمَّرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - فِي غَزْوَةِ مُؤْتَةَ زَيْدَ بْنَ حَارِثَةَ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ -: " إِنْ قُتِلَ زَيْدٌ فَجَعْفَرٌ، وَإِنْ قُتِلَ جَعْفَرٌ فَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ رَوَاحَةَ. . الْحَدِيثَ. وَجَاءَ بِمَعْنَاهُ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ - رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا - فِي: الْمُسْنَدِ (ط. الْمَعَارِفِ) ٤/٩٠. وَسَيَأْتِي الْكَلَامُ عَنْ حَدِيثِ غَزْوَةِ مُؤْتَةَ بِالتَّفْصِيلِ فِيمَا يَلِي فِي هَذَا الْجُزْءِ، ص ٤٧٨ ٤٧٩.