Minhaj as-Sunnah - Ibn Taimiya - (4/233)

Minhaj as-SunnahIbn Taimiya

(1), and I will certainly administer it as the Messenger of Allah—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—administered it. Abū Bakr therefore refused to give Fātimah any part of it (2).

Shuayb ibn Abī Hamzah also narrated it from al-Zuhrī, who said: Urwah narrated to me that Āishah had informed him of this hadith.

“He said: At that time, Fātimah—may Allah be pleased with her—was seeking the Messenger of Allah’s charitable estate in Medina, Fadak, and what remained of the one-fifth of Khaybar. Āishah said that Abū Bakr said that the Messenger of Allah—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—had said, ‘We prophets are not inherited from; whatever we leave is charity. The family of Muhammad draws only its sustenance from this property.’”

This means the property of Allah, Mighty and Majestic. They are not entitled to anything beyond that property.

Sālih also narrated it from Ibn Shihāb, from Urwah, who reported that Āishah stated in this account (3) that Abū Bakr refused her request and said:

“I will not abandon anything that the Messenger of Allah—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—used to do; rather, I will do likewise. I fear that if I abandon any part of his practice, I may deviate.”

As for his charitable estate in Medina, Umar handed it over to Alī and Abbās, and Alī then gained control of it. As for Khaybar and Fadak, Umar retained them and said, “They are the charitable estate of the Messenger of Allah

(1) In *Sahīh al-Bukhārī*, the wording is: “I will not alter anything concerning the Prophet’s charitable estates (in one version: ‘the Messenger of Allah’s charitable estates—may Allah bless him and grant him peace’) from the way they had been administered during the Prophet’s lifetime—may Allah bless him and grant him peace.” (2) In *Sahīh al-Bukhārī*: “in the manner in which the Messenger of Allah—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—administered it.” Alī then recited the testimony of faith and said, “We acknowledge your merit, O Abū Bakr.” He mentioned their kinship with the Messenger of Allah—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—and their right. Abū Bakr then said, “By Him in whose hand is my soul, maintaining ties with the relatives of the Messenger of Allah—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—is dearer to me than maintaining ties with my own relatives.” (3) This hadith is also transmitted with similar wording in *Sahīh Muslim*, 3/1381–1382 (Book of Jihad and Military Expeditions, chapter: The Prophet’s Statement, “We Are Not Inherited From; Whatever We Leave Is Charity”); and *Sunan Abī Dāwud*, 3/196–197 (Book of Land Tax, Governance, and *Fay’*, chapter on the Messenger of Allah’s Reserved Estates—may Allah bless him and grant him peace).

(١) ، وَلَأَعْمَلَنَّ فِيهَا بِمَا عَمِلَ بِهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - فَأَبَى أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَنْ يَدْفَعَ إِلَى فَاطِمَةَ مِنْهَا شَيْئًا (٢) . وَرَوَاهُ شُعَيْبُ بْنُ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عُرْوَةُ: أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ أَخْبَرَتْهُ بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ. «قَالَ: وَفَاطِمَةُ - رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا - حِينَئِذٍ تَطْلُبُ صَدَقَةَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ الَّتِي بِالْمَدِينَةِ وَفَدَكَ وَمَا بَقِيَ مِنْ خُمُسِ خَيْبَرَ. قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - قَالَ: لَا نُورَثُ مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَةٌ، وَإِنَّمَا يَأْكُلُ آلُ مُحَمَّدٍ فِي هَذَا الْمَالِ» ، يَعْنِي مَالَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ، لَيْسَ لَهُمْ أَنْ يَزِيدُوا عَلَى الْمَالِ. وَرَوَاهُ صَالِحٌ عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ عَنْ عُرْوَةَ أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ فِيهِ (٣) : فَأَبَى أَبُو بَكْرٍ عَلَيْهَا ذَلِكَ، وَقَالَ: لَسْتُ تَارِكًا شَيْئًا كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - يَعْمَلُ بِهِ إِلَّا عَمِلْتُ بِهِ، إِنِّي أَخْشَى إِنْ تَرَكْتُ شَيْئًا مِنْ أَمْرِهِ أَنْ أَزِيغَ. فَأَمَّا صَدَقَتُهُ بِالْمَدِينَةِ فَدَفَعَهَا عُمَرُ إِلَى عَلِيٍّ وَعَبَّاسٍ، فَغَلَبَ عَلِيٌّ عَلَيْهَا. وَأَمَّا خَيْبَرُ وَفَدَكُ فَأَمْسَكَهَا عُمَرُ، وَقَالَ: هُمَا صَدَقَةُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ

(١) فِي الْبُخَارِيِّ: شَيْئًا مِنْ صَدَقَاتِ النَّبِيِّ (وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - الَّتِي كَانَتْ عَلَيْهَا فِي عَهْدِ النَّبِيِّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ -. (٢) فِي الْبُخَارِيِّ: بِمَا عَمِلَ فِيهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ -، فَتَشَهَّدَ عَلِيٌّ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: إِنَّا قَدْ عَرَفْنَا يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ فَضِيلَتَكَ. وَذَكَرَ قَرَابَتَهُمْ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - وَحَقَّهُمْ. فَتَكَلَّمَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَقَالَ: وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ لَقَرَابَةُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ أَنْ أَصِلَ مِنْ قَرَابَتِي. (٣) جَاءَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ بِأَلْفَاظٍ مُقَارِبَةٍ فِي: مُسْلِمٍ ٣/١٣٨١ ١٣٨٢ (كِتَابُ الْجِهَادِ وَالسِّيَرِ، بَابُ قَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ -: لَا نُورَثُ مَا تَرَكْنَا فَهُوَ صَدَقَةٌ) ؛ سُنَنِ أَبِي دَاوُدَ ٣/١٩٦ ١٩٧ (كِتَابُ الْخَرَاجِ وَالْإِمَارَةِ وَالْفَيْءِ، بَابٌ فِي صَفَايَا رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ -) .