Minhaj as-Sunnah - Ibn Taimiya - (4/232)

Minhaj as-SunnahIbn Taimiya

three reserved estates belonging to the Messenger of Allah—may Allah bless him and grant him peace: the estates of Banū al-Nadīr (1), Khaybar, and Fadak. The estates of Banū al-Nadīr were held in reserve for contingencies that arose, while Fadak was set aside for wayfarers. As for Khaybar, the Messenger of Allah—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—divided it into three parts: two shares among the Muslims and one for the maintenance of his family. Whatever remained after his family’s maintenance, he allocated in two shares among the poor Emigrants.’

Al-Layth narrated from Uqayl, from Ibn Shihāb, from Urwah, from Aishah (2), that she informed him that Fātimah, the daughter of the Messenger of Allah—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—sent word to Abū Bakr al-Siddīq asking for her inheritance from the Messenger of Allah—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—out of what Allah had bestowed upon him in Medina (3), Fadak, and what remained of the one-fifth of Khaybar.

Abū Bakr replied: The Messenger of Allah—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—said:

“We prophets are not inherited from; whatever we leave is charity. The family of Muhammad draws only its sustenance from this property.”

By Allah (4), I will not alter anything of the Messenger of Allah’s charitable estate from the state in which it stood during the lifetime of the Messenger of Allah—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—

(1) The original reads “Banī al-Nadīr”; the adopted reading, “Banū al-Nadīr,” is from Abū Dāwud’s *Sunan*. (2) The following narration corresponds to the hadith of Aishah—may Allah be pleased with her—in *Sahīh al-Bukhārī*, 5/20 (Book of the Virtues of the Prophet’s Companions, chapter on the merits of the relatives of the Messenger of Allah—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—and the merit of Fātimah…). The chain of this hadith in *Sahīh al-Bukhārī* is: Abū al-Yamān narrated to us: Shuayb informed us, from al-Zuhrī, who said: Urwah ibn al-Zubayr narrated to me, from Aishah… (3) In *Sahīh al-Bukhārī*: “concerning what”—and in one version, “from what”—“Allah bestowed upon His Messenger—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—seeking the Prophet’s charitable estate in Medina…” (4) In *Sahīh al-Bukhārī*: “Whatever we leave behind is charity. The family of Muhammad may only draw sustenance from this property—meaning Allah’s property—and they are not entitled to take more than what they need for food. And, by Allah, I…”

لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - ثَلَاثُ صَفَايَا: بَنُو النَّضِيرِ (١) ، وَخَيْبَرُ، وَفْدَكُ. فَأَمَّا بَنُو النَّضِيرِ فَكَانَتْ حَبْسًا لِنَوَائِبِهِ. وَأَمَّا فَدَكُ فَكَانَتْ حَبْسًا لِأَبْنَاءِ السَّبِيلِ، وَأَمَّا خَيْبَرُ فَجَزَّأَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - ثَلَاثَةَ أَجْزَاءٍ: جُزْأَيْنِ بَيْنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَجُزْءًا نَفَقَةً لِأَهْلِهِ، فَمَا فَضَلَ عَنْ نَفَقَةِ أَهْلِهِ جَعَلَهُ بَيْنَ فُقَرَاءِ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ جُزْأَيْنِ. وَرَوَى اللَّيْثُ عَنْ عُقَيْلٍ عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ عَنْ عُرْوَةَ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ (٢) أَنَّهَا أَخْبَرَتْهُ أَنَّ فَاطِمَةَ بِنْتَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - أَرْسَلَتْ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ تَسْأَلُهُ مِيرَاثَهَا مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - مِمَّا أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ بِالْمَدِينَةِ (٣) وَفَدَكَ وَمَا بَقِيَ مِنْ خُمُسِ خَيْبَرَ، فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - قَالَ: «لَا نُورَثُ مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَةٌ، وَإِنَّمَا يَأْكُلُ آلُ مُحَمَّدٍ مِنْ هَذَا الْمَالِ» ، وَإِنِّي وَاللَّهِ (٤) لَا أُغَيِّرُ شَيْئًا مِنْ صَدَقَةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - عَنْ حَالِهَا الَّتِي كَانَتْ عَلَيْهَا فِي عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ -

(١) فِي الْأَصْلِ: بَنِي النَّضِيرِ. وَالْمُثْبَتُ مِنْ سُنَنِ أَبِي دَاوُدَ. (٢) الرِّوَايَةُ التَّالِيَةُ مُوَافِقَةٌ لِحَدِيثِ عَائِشَةَ - رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا - فِي: الْبُخَارِيِّ ٥/٢٠ (كِتَابُ فَضَائِلِ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ، بَابُ مَنَاقِبِ قَرَابَةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - وَمَنْقَبَةِ فَاطِمَةَ. . .) . وَسَنَدُ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ فِي الْبُخَارِيِّ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْيَمَانِ، أَخْبَرَنَا شُعَيْبٌ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ. . (٣) فِي الْبُخَارِيِّ: فِيمَا (وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: مِمَّا) أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - تَطْلُبُ صَدَقَةَ النَّبِيِّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - الَّتِي بِالْمَدِينَةِ. . (٤) فِي الْبُخَارِيِّ: مَا تَرَكْنَا فَهُوَ صَدَقَةٌ، إِنَّمَا يَأْكُلُ آلُ مُحَمَّدٍ مِنْ هَذَا الْمَالِ، يَعْنِي مَالَ اللَّهِ، لَيْسَ لَهُمْ أَنْ يَزِيدُوا عَلَى الْمَأْكَلِ، وَإِنِّي وَاللَّهِ. . .