Minhaj as-Sunnah - Ibn Taimiya - (4/212)

Minhaj as-SunnahIbn Taimiya

The scholars differed concerning the one-fifth share and the fay’. Mālik [and other scholars] (1) said: Their prescribed allocation is the same: they are to be spent as Allah and His Messenger commanded. Those whom He specifically designated (2)—orphans, the needy, and the stranded traveler—were singled out for explicit mention. A view consistent with this has also been reported from Ahmad ibn Hanbal: he assigned the one-fifth due on rikāz to the same recipients as the fay’, treating it as governed by the one-fifth share of the spoils (3).

Al-Shāfiʿī and Ahmad, according to the well-known report from him, said: The one-fifth share (4) is divided into five shares. Abū Hanīfah said: It is divided into three shares; he therefore dropped (5) the shares of the Messenger and his near relatives upon the Messenger’s death—may Allah bless him and grant him peace. And (6) Dāwūd ibn ʿAlī said: Rather, the wealth of the fay’ [also] (7) is divided [into five shares] (8).

The first view is the soundest [of the views] (9), as its evidence has been set out at length elsewhere (10). This is also indicated by the sunnah of the Messenger of Allah—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—and the practice of his rightly guided caliphs.

Thus, His words (11), “They belong to Allah and the Messenger,” concerning the one-fifth share and the fay’ are like His words concerning the spoils: “They belong to Allah

(1) The text between square brackets is absent from N and M. (2) N and M: “those whom He designated.” (3) W, H, S, and R: “the spoils.” (4) A and B: “and the one-fifth share.” The word is absent from S. (5) W, H, M, S, and R: “was dropped”; N: “he drops.” (6) A and B: “said.” (7) The word “also” is absent from N. (8) The text between square brackets is absent from N alone. 1 (9) The words “of the views” are absent from A, B, N, and M. 1 (10) N and M: “elsewhere.” (11) N: “by His words,” which is a textual corruption.

وَقَدْ تَنَازَعَ الْعُلَمَاءُ فِي الْخُمُسِ وَالْفَيْءِ، فَقَالَ مَالِكٌ [وَغَيْرُهُ مِنَ الْعُلَمَاءِ] (١) : مَصْرِفُهُمَا وَاحِدٌ، وَهُوَ فِيمَا أَمَرَ اللَّهُ بِهِ وَرَسُولُهُ، وَعَيَّنَ مَا عَيَّنَهُ (٢) مِنَ الْيَتَامَى وَالْمَسَاكِينِ وَابْنِ السَّبِيلِ تَخْصِيصًا لَهُمْ بِالذِّكْرِ. وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ مَا يُوَافِقُ ذَلِكَ، وَأَنَّهُ جَعَلَ مَصْرِفَ الْخُمُسِ مِنَ الرِّكَازِ مَصْرِفَ الْفَيْءِ، وَهُوَ تَبَعٌ لِخُمُسِ الْغَنَائِمِ (٣) . وَقَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، وَأَحْمَدُ فِي الرِّوَايَةِ الْمَشْهُورَةِ: الْخُمُسُ (٤) يُقَسَّمُ عَلَى خَمْسَةِ أَقْسَامٍ. وَقَالَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ: عَلَى ثَلَاثَةٍ، فَأَسْقَطَ (٥) سَهْمَ الرَّسُولِ وَذَوِي الْقُرْبَى بِمَوْتِهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ -، وَقَالَ (٦) دَاوُدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ: بَلْ مَالُ الْفَيْءِ [أَيْضًا] (٧) يُقَسَّمُ [عَلَى خَمْسَةِ أَقْسَامٍ] (٨) . وَالْقَوْلُ الْأَوَّلُ أَصَحُّ [الْأَقْوَالِ] (٩) كَمَا قَدْ بُسِطَتْ أَدِلَّتُهُ فِي غَيْرِ هَذَا الْمَوْضِعِ (١٠) ، وَعَلَى ذَلِكَ تَدُلُّ سُنَّةُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ -، وَسُنَّةُ خُلَفَائِهِ الرَّاشِدِينَ. فَقَوْلُهُ: (١١) {لِلَّهِ وَلِلرَّسُولِ} فِي الْخُمُسِ وَالْفَيْءِ، كَقَوْلِهِ فِي الْأَنْفَالِ: (لِلَّهِ

(١) مَا بَيْنَ الْمَعْقُوفَتَيْنِ سَاقِطٌ مِنْ (ن) ، (م) . (٢) ن، م: مَا عَيَّنَ. (٣) و، هـ، ص، ر: الْمَغَانِمِ. (٤) أ، ب: وَالْخُمُسُ. وَسَقَطَتِ الْكَلِمَةُ مِنْ (ص) . (٥) و، هـ، م، ص، ر: سَقَطَ؛ ن: يُسْقِطُ. (٦) أ، ب: قَالَ. (٧) أَيْضًا: سَاقِطَةٌ مِنْ (ن) . (٨) مَا بَيْنَ الْمَعْقُوفَتَيْنِ سَاقِطٌ مِنْ (ن) فَقَطْ. ١ (٩) الْأَقْوَالِ: سَاقِطَةٌ مِنْ (أ) ، (ب) ، (ن) ، (م) . ١ (١٠) ن، م: فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ. (١١) ن: بِقَوْلِهِ، وَهُوَ تَحْرِيفٌ.