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to you except the one-fifth share, and the one-fifth is returned to you.” (1)
Because He ascribed these properties to Allah and the Messenger, a group of scholars (2) held that [this] (3) ascription entailed that they belonged to the Messenger—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—as his personal property, just as other people possess their own property. Thereafter, the spoils were assigned to those who captured them, with one-fifth going to those whom He specified (4), while the fay’, or four-fifths of it (5), remained the property of the Messenger—may Allah bless him and grant him peace. This is the position of al-Shāfiʿī and a group of Ahmad’s companions. The only point on which they differed concerned the fay’: most scholars do not divide the fay’ into fifths; only al-Shāfiʿī and a group of Ahmad’s companions held that it should be divided into fifths (6)
(1) This hadith is recorded in *Sunan al-Nasā’ī*, 7/119, from Amr ibn Shuayb, from his father, from his grandfather—Abd Allah ibn Amr ibn al-Ās, may Allah be pleased with them both—in “The Book of the Distribution of *Fay’*.” Its wording is: Allah’s Messenger—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—approached a camel, took a hair from its hump between his fingers, and then said: “I have no share of the *fay’*—not even this [hair]—except the one-fifth share, and the one-fifth is returned to you.” Another hadith with similar wording is related on the same page from Ubāda ibn al-Sāmit, may Allah be pleased with him. A third hadith with similar wording is recorded from Amr ibn Abasa, may Allah be pleased with him, in *Sunan Abī Dāwūd*, 3/109 (“The Book of Jihad,” “Chapter on an Imam Reserving Some of the Fay’ for Himself”). Al-Albānī authenticated the first two hadiths in *Sahīh al-Jāmi al-Saghīr*, 6/272–273, and the third in *Silsilat al-Ahādīth al-Sahīha*, 2/587–588. The hadith is also related in mursal form from Abd Allah ibn Amr in *al-Muwatta’*, 2/457–458 (“The Book of Jihad,” “Chapter on Reports Concerning the Misappropriation of Spoils”). A version with similar wording from al-Irbād ibn Sāriya, may Allah be pleased with him, appears in *al-Musnad* (al-Halabī edition), 4/127–128; it also appears there from Ubāda ibn al-Sāmit at 5/316, 319, and 326.
(2) A and B: “among the people of knowledge.”
(3) “This” is absent from N and M.
(4) N and W: *baqiya* (“remained”); M: *yafī* (“suffices”).
(5) A and B: “for whomever He designated with the *fay’* of the *fay’*, or with four-fifths of it”; this is a corruption.
(6) Absent from A and B.
عَلَيْكُمْ إِلَّا الْخُمُسُ، وَالْخُمُسُ مَرْدُودٌ عَلَيْكُمْ» "
(١)
. فَلَمَّا أَضَافَ هَذِهِ الْأَمْوَالَ إِلَى اللَّهِ وَالرَّسُولِ رَأَى طَائِفَةٌ مِنْ لِعُلَمَاءَ
(٢)
أَنَّ
[هَذِهِ]
(٣)
الْإِضَافَةَ تَقْتَضِي أَنَّ ذَلِكَ مِلْكٌ لِلرَّسُولِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - كَسَائِرِ أَمْلَاكِ النَّاسِ، ثُمَّ جُعِلَتِ الْغَنَائِمُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ لَلْغَانِمِينَ، وَخُمْسُهَا لِمَنْ سَمَّى
(٤)
، وَبَقِيَ الْفَيْءُ، أَوْ أَرْبَعَةُ أَخْمَاسِهِ
(٥)
، مِلْكًا لِلرَّسُولِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - كَمَا يَقُولُ ذَلِكَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، وَطَائِفَةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ أَحْمَدَ، وَإِنَّمَا تَرَدَّدُوا فِي الْفَيْءِ، فَإِنَّهُ عَامَّةُ الْعُلَمَاءِ لَا يُخَمِّسُونَ الْفَيْءَ، وَإِنَّمَا قَالَ بِتَخْمِيسِهِ الشَّافِعِيُّ وَطَائِفَةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ أَحْمَدَ
(٦)
(١) الْحَدِيثُ فِي: سُنَنِ النَّسَائِيِّ ٧/١١٩ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ (عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ - رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا -) (كِتَابُ قَسْمِ الْفَيْءِ) وَنَصُّهُ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - أَتَى بَعِيرًا فَأَخَذَ مِنْ سَنَامِهِ وَبَرَةً بَيْنَ إِصْبَعَيْهِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: " إِنَّهُ لَيْسَ لِي مِنَ الْفَيْءِ شَيْءٌ وَلَا هَذِهِ إِلَّا الْخُمُسُ، وَالْخُمُسُ مَرْدُودٌ فِيكُمْ ". وَجَاءَ حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ فِي نَفْسِ الصَّفْحَةِ بِأَلْفَاظٍ مُقَارِبَةٍ عَنْ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ - رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ -. وَفِي سُنَنِ أَبِي دَاوُدَ ٣/١٠٩ (كِتَابُ الْجِهَادِ، بَابٌ فِي الْإِمَامِ يَسْتَأْثِرُ بِشَيْءٍ مِنَ الْفَيْءِ لِنَفْسِهِ) حَدِيثٌ ثَالِثٌ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ عَبَسَةَ - رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ - بِأَلْفَاظٍ مُقَارِبَةٍ. وَصَحَّحَ الْأَلْبَانِيُّ الْحَدِيثَيْنِ الْأَوَّلَ وَالثَّانِيَ فِي " صَحِيحِ الْجَامِعِ الصَّغِيرِ " ٦/٢٧٢ - ٢٧٣، وَصَحَّحَ الْحَدِيثَ الثَّالِثَ فِي " سِلْسِلَةِ الْأَحَادِيثِ الصَّحِيحَةِ " ٢/٥٨٧ - ٥٨٨. وَجَاءَ الْحَدِيثُ مُرْسَلًا عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو فِي: الْمُوَطَّأِ ٢/٤٥٧ - ٤٥٨ (كِتَابُ الْجِهَادِ، بَابُ مَا جَاءَ فِي الْغُلُولِ) . وَالْحَدِيثُ بِأَلْفَاظٍ مُقَارِبَةٍ عَنِ الْعِرْبَاضِ بْنِ سَارِيَةَ - رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ - فِي الْمُسْنَدِ (ط. الْحَلَبِيِّ) ٤/١٢٧ - ١٢٨، وَهُوَ فِيهِ عَنْ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ ٥/٣١٦ - ٣١٩ - ٣٢٦.
(٢) أ، ب: مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ.
(٣) هَذِهِ: سَاقِطَةٌ مِنْ (ن) ، (م) .
(٤) ن، و: بَقِيَ؛ م: يَفِي.
(٥) أ، ب: لِمَنْ سَمَّى بِفَيْءِ الْفَيْءِ أَوْ بِأَرْبَعَةِ أَخْمَاسِهِ، وَهُوَ تَحْرِيفٌ.
(٦) سَاقِطٌ مِنْ (أ) ، (ب) .