Minhaj as-SunnahIbn Taimiya

If it is said:

Suppose that [pronouns] (1)—namely, first-person pronouns (2), second-person pronouns, and third-person pronouns—do not in themselves denote any particular person, but do so according to what accompanies them (3). Second-person pronouns designate whomever the speaker intends to address, while first-person pronouns (4) designate whoever is speaking, whoever that may be. Nevertheless, it is known that the address (5) in the Quran is directed to the Messenger (6)—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—and all the believers (7), as in the words of Allah Most High:

“Fasting has been prescribed for you as it was prescribed for those before you.”

[Surah al-Baqara: 183]

And His words:

“When you rise for prayer, wash your faces and your hands up to the elbows.”

[Surah al-Mā’ida: 6]

And other such verses. Likewise, Allah Most High says:

“Allah commands you concerning your children: the male shall have the share of two females.”

[Surah al-Nisā’: 11]

It may be answered:

Rather, the plural second-person kāf suffix in the Quran sometimes refers to the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—and the believers, while at other times it refers to them to his exclusion. An example is the statement of Allah Most High:

“And know that among you is the Messenger of Allah. Were he to obey you in many matters, you would surely suffer. But Allah has endeared faith to you and made it beautiful in your hearts, and He has made disbelief, wickedness, and disobedience hateful to you. Those are the rightly guided.”

[Surah al-Hujurāt: 7]

Here, the kāf suffix refers to the Muslim community to the exclusion of the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace.

(1) The word “pronouns” is added in A and B. (2) A reads: “the speaker.” (3) A reads: *yuqrūna bihā*; B reads: *yuqranu bihā* (“is coupled with them”). (4) A and B read: “the speaker.” (5) B alone reads: “the addressee.” (6) A and B read: “the Messenger.” (7) A and B read: “and the believers.”
فَإِنْ قِيلَ: هَبْ أَنَّ [الضَّمَائِرَ] (١) ضَمَائِرَ التَّكَلُّمِ (٢) وَالْخِطَابِ وَالْغَيْبَةِ لَا تَدُلُّ بِنَفْسِهَا عَلَى شَيْءٍ بِعَيْنِهِ، لَكِنْ بِحَسَبِ مَا يُقْتَرَنُ بِهَا (٣) ؛ فَضَمَائِرُ الْخِطَابِ مَوْضُوعَةٌ لِمَنْ يَقْصِدُهُ الْمُخَاطِبُ بِالْخِطَابِ، وَضَمَائِرُ التَّكَلُّمِ (٤) لِمَنْ يَتَكَلَّمُ كَائِنًا مَنْ كَانَ. لَكِنْ قَدْ عُرِفَ أَنَّ الْخِطَابَ (٥) بِالْقُرْآنِ هُوَ لِلرَّسُولِ (٦) - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - وَالْمُؤْمِنِينَ (٧) جَمِيعًا، كَقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: {كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الصِّيَامُ كَمَا كُتِبَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ} [سُورَةِ الْبَقَرَةِ: ١٨٣] وَقَوْلِهِ: {إِذَا قُمْتُمْ إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ فَاغْسِلُوا وُجُوهَكُمْ وَأَيْدِيَكُمْ إِلَى الْمَرَافِقِ} [سُورَةِ الْمَائِدَةِ: ٦] وَنَحْوِ ذَلِكَ. وَكَذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: {يُوصِيكُمُ اللَّهُ فِي أَوْلَادِكُمْ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ} [سُورَةِ النِّسَاءِ: ١١] . قِيلَ: بَلْ كَافُ الْجَمَاعَةِ فِي الْقُرْآنِ تَارَةً تَكُونُ لِلنَّبِيِّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - وَالْمُؤْمِنِينَ، وَتَارَةً تَكُونُ لَهُمْ دُونَهُ. كَقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: {وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ فِيكُمْ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ لَوْ يُطِيعُكُمْ فِي كَثِيرٍ مِنَ الْأَمْرِ لَعَنِتُّمْ وَلَكِنَّ اللَّهَ حَبَّبَ إِلَيْكُمُ الْإِيمَانَ وَزَيَّنَهُ فِي قُلُوبِكُمْ وَكَرَّهَ إِلَيْكُمُ الْكُفْرَ وَالْفُسُوقَ وَالْعِصْيَانَ أُولَئِكَ هُمُ الرَّاشِدُونَ} [سُورَةِ الْحُجُرَاتِ: ٧] ؛ فَإِنَّ هَذِهِ الْكَافَ لِلْأُمَّةِ دُونَ النَّبِيِّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ -.
(١) الضَّمَائِرَ: زِيَادَةٌ فِي (أ) ، (ب) . (٢) أ: الْمُتَكَلِّمِ. (٣) أ: يُقْرُونَ بِهَا؛ ب: يُقْرَنُ بِهَا. (٤) أ، ب: الْمُتَكَلِّمِ. (٥) ب (فَقَطْ) : الْمُخَاطَبَ. (٦) أ، ب: الرَّسُولُ. (٧) أ، ب: وَالْمُؤْمِنُونَ.

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