16
hadith scholarship (1). Thus, the statement that Abū Bakr was its sole transmitter demonstrates either the speaker’s extreme (2) ignorance or his deliberate (3) lying.
Third: His assertion that “he himself was the adverse party [to her]” is false (4). Abū Bakr—may Allah be pleased with him—did not claim this property for himself or his household. Rather, it is charity for those entitled to it (5), just as a mosque (6) belongs to the Muslims. [And an upright witness] (7), were he to testify concerning a man (8) that the latter had directed in his will (9)
(1) The hadith is transmitted in both full and abridged versions, with differences in wording, from Umar, Uthmān, Alī, Abd al-Rahmān ibn Awf, al-Zubayr ibn al-Awwām, Sa‘d ibn Abī Waqqās, al-Abbās, Abū Hurayra, Mālik ibn Aws ibn al-Hadathān, and Ā’isha (al-Tirmidhī adds Talha), in: al-Bukhārī, 4/79 (Book of the Obligation of the Khums [One-Fifth], first chapter); 5/20 (Book of the Merits of the Prophet’s Companions, chapter on the Merits of the Relatives of the Messenger of Allah—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—and the Virtue of Fātima…); 5/89–90 (Book of Military Expeditions, chapter on the Account of Banū al-Nadīr…); 5/139–140 (Book of Military Expeditions, chapter on the Expedition of Khaybar); 7/63–64 (Book of Maintenance, chapter on a Man’s Reserving a Year’s Provision for His Family); 8/149–150 (Book of Inheritance, chapter on the Prophet’s statement—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—“We Leave No Inheritance; Whatever We Leave Is Charity”); 9/98–100 (Book of Holding Fast, chapter on What Is Disliked of Excessive Scrutiny…); Muslim, 3/1376–1383 (Book of Jihad and Expeditions, chapter on the Ruling Concerning fay’ [property acquired without battle], and chapter on the Prophet’s statement—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—“We Leave No Inheritance; Whatever We Leave Is Charity”); Sunan Abī Dāwūd, 3/192–199 (Book of Land Tax, Governance, and Fay’, chapter on the Properties Reserved for the Messenger of Allah—may Allah bless him and grant him peace); and Sunan al-Tirmidhī, 3/81–83 (Book of Military Expeditions, chapter on Reports Concerning the Prophet’s Estate—may Allah bless him and grant him peace). It also appears in numerous places in Sunan al-Nasā’ī, al-Muwatta’, and Musnad Ahmad. Its full text will appear a few pages later in this volume.
(2) W reads: “the utmost degree of…”
(3) A and B read: “and his deliberate lying.”
(4) N and M read: “His being the adverse party is false…”
(5) W, H, and S read: “for those entitled to it.”
(6) N, M, H, and R read: “just as the mosque is”; S reads: “like the mosque.”
(7) “And an upright witness” is omitted only in N.
(8) A and B read: “in favor of a man.”
(9) N and M use the form awsā (“made a bequest”).
الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ
(١)
،
فَقَوْلُ الْقَائِلِ:
إِنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ انْفَرَدَ بِالرِّوَايَةِ، يَدُلُّ عَلَى فَرْطِ
(٢)
جَهْلِهِ أَوْ تَعَمُّدِهِ
(٣)
الْكَذِبَ.
الثَّالِثُ:
قَوْلُهُ:
" وَكَانَ هُوَ الْغَرِيمَ
[لَهَا]
"
كَذِبٌ
(٤)
، فَإِنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ - رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ - لَمْ يَدَّعِ هَذَا الْمَالَ لِنَفْسِهِ وَلَا لِأَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ، وَإِنَّمَا هُوَ صَدَقَةٌ لِمُسْتَحِقِّهَا
(٥)
، كَمَا أَنَّ الْمَسْجِدَ
(٦)
حَقٌّ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ.
[وَالْعَدْلُ]
(٧)
لَوْ شَهِدَ عَلَى رَجُلٍ
(٨)
أَنَّهُ وَصَّى
(٩)
(١) جَاءَ الْحَدِيثُ مُطَوَّلًا وَمُخْتَصَرًا مَعَ اخْتِلَافٍ فِي الْأَلْفَاظِ عَنْ عُمَرَ وَعُثْمَانَ وَعَلِيٍّ وَعَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ وَالزُّبَيْرِ بْنِ الْعَوَّامِ وَسَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ وَالْعَبَّاسِ وَأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ وَمَالِكِ بْنِ أَوْسِ بْنِ الْحَدَثَانِ وَعَائِشَةَ (زَادَ التِّرْمِذِيُّ: وَطَلْحَةَ) فِي: الْبُخَارِيِّ ٤/٧٩ (كِتَابُ فَرْضِ الْخُمْسِ، الْبَابُ الْأَوَّلُ) ٥/٢٠ (كِتَابُ فَضَائِلِ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ، بَابُ مَنَاقِبِ قَرَابَةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - وَمَنْقَبَةِ فَاطِمَةَ. . .) ، ٥/٨٩ - ٩٠ (كِتَابُ الْمَغَازِي، بَابُ حَدِيثِ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ. . .) ، ٥/١٣٩ - ١٤٠ (كِتَابُ الْمَغَازِي، بَابُ غَزْوَةِ خَيْبَرَ) ، ٧/٦٣ - ٦٤ (كِتَابُ النَّفَقَاتِ، بَابُ حَبْسِ نَفَقَةِ الرَّجُلِ قُوتَ سَنَةٍ عَلَى أَهْلِهِ) ، ٨/١٤٩ - ١٥٠ (كِتَابُ الْفَرَائِضِ، بَابُ قَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: لَا نُورَثُ مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَةٌ) ، ٩/٩٨ - ١٠٠ (كِتَابُ الِاعْتِصَامِ، بَابُ مَا يُكْرَهُ مِنَ التَّعَمُّقِ. .) ، مُسْلِمٍ ٣/١٣٧٦ - ١٣٨٣ (كِتَابُ الْجِهَادِ وَالسِّيَرِ، بَابُ حُكْمِ الْفَيْءِ، بَابُ قَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: لَا نُورَثُ مَا تَرَكَنَا فَهُوَ صَدَقَةٌ) ؛ سُنَنِ أَبِي دَاوُدَ ٣/١٩٢ - ١٩٩ (كِتَابُ الْخَرَاجِ وَالْإِمَارَةِ وَالْفَيْءِ، بَابٌ فِي صَفَايَا رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ) ؛ سُنَنِ التِّرْمِذِيِّ ٣/٨١ - ٨٣ (كِتَابُ السِّيَرِ، بَابُ مَا جَاءَ فِي تَرِكَةِ النَّبِيِّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ -) . وَجَاءَ الْحَدُّ أَيْضًا فِي سُنَنِ النَّسَائِيِّ وَالْمُوَطَّأِ وَمُسْنَدِ أَحْمَدَ فِي مَوَاضِعَ كَثِيرَةٍ. وَسَيَرِدُ بِنَصِّهِ فِي هَذَا الْجُزْءِ بَعْدَ صَفَحَاتٍ.
(٢) وَ: عَلَى غَايَةِ. .
(٣) أ، ب: وَتَعَمُّدِهِ.
(٤) ن، م: كَانَ هُوَ الْغَرِيمَ كَذِبٌ. .
(٥) و، هـ، ص: لِمُسْتَحِقِّيهَا.
(٦) ن، م، هـ، ر: كَمَا هُوَ الْمَسْجِدُ؛ ص: كَالْمَسْجِدِ.
(٧) وَالْعَدْلُ: سَاقِطَةٌ مِنْ (ن) فَقَطْ.
(٨) أ، ب: لِرَجُلٍ.
(٩) ن، م: أَوْصَى.