Minhaj as-SunnahIbn Taimiya

As for his statement:

“The dowry of Fātima was (1) five hundred dirhams,”

this is not established (2). What is established is that “the Messenger of Allah—peace and blessings be upon him—did not give any of his wives a dowry, nor was any of his daughters given (3) a dowry of more than five hundred dirhams”: twelve ūqiyyas and a nashsh, a nashsh being half an ūqiyya. This is well known from Umar and others (4). However, the Negus arranged Umm Habība’s marriage to him and provided a larger dowry from his own funds (5). Whether or not this is established (6), deliberately keeping the dowry modest (7) is Sunnah. For this reason, scholars have recommended that it should not exceed

(1) “Was” is omitted from A, B, S, H, and R. (2) B alone reads: “is not established.” (3) A, B, R, H, and S read: “gave as a dowry.” (4) In *Sunan Abī Dāwūd*, 2/316 (Book of Marriage, chapter on dowry), Abū al-Ajfā al-Sulamī reported: “Umar—may Allah have mercy on him—addressed us, saying: ‘Take heed: do not be excessive in women’s dowries. If this were an honor in this world or a mark of piety before Allah, the Prophet—peace and blessings be upon him—would have been more deserving of it than any of you. The Messenger of Allah—peace and blessings be upon him—did not give any of his wives a dowry, nor was any of his daughters given a dowry, exceeding twelve *ūqiyyas*.’” Also, in the same book and chapter, 2/315–316, Abū Salama reported: “I asked Āisha—may Allah be pleased with her—about the Prophet’s dowry—peace and blessings be upon him. She replied: ‘Twelve *ūqiyyas* and one *nashsh*.’ I asked, ‘What is a *nashsh*?’ She replied, ‘Half an *ūqiyya*.’” See both reports in *Sunan Ibn Mājah*, 1/607 (Book of Marriage, chapter on women’s dowries), and *Sunan al-Dārimī*, 2/141 (Book of Marriage, chapter on the dowries of the Prophet’s wives and daughters—peace and blessings be upon him). See also Umar’s hadith in the *Musnad* (Maārif ed.), 1/227. Shaykh Ahmad Shākir—may Allah have mercy on him—said that its chain of transmission is sound and noted that it is narrated in the collections of Abū Dāwūd, al-Tirmidhī, al-Nasāī, Ibn Mājah, and al-Bayhaqī. Al-Tirmidhī said: “This is a *hasan sahīh* (fair and sound) hadith.” (5) In *Sunan Abī Dāwūd*, 2/316, it is reported from Umm Habība—may Allah be pleased with her—that she had been married to Ubayd Allah ibn Jahsh, who died in Abyssinia. The Negus then arranged her marriage to the Prophet—peace and blessings be upon him—gave her four thousand on his behalf, and sent her to the Messenger of Allah—peace and blessings be upon him—with Shurahbīl ibn Hasana. The hadith is also found in *Sunan al-Nasāī*, 6/97 (Book of Marriage, chapter on fairness in dowries), with the addition: “The Messenger of Allah—peace and blessings be upon him—did not send her anything, while the dowry of his other wives was four hundred dirhams.” The hadith is also found in the *Musnad* (al-Halabī ed.), 6/427. (6) A and B read: “Whether this is established or not.” (7) A reads: “Thus, reducing [the dowry] suffices”; B reads: “Thus, reducing [the dowry].”
وَقَوْلُهُ: " إِنَّ مَهْرَ فَاطِمَةَ كَانَ (١) خَمْسَمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ " لَا يَثْبُتُ (٢) وَإِنَّمَا الثَّابِتُ «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - لَمْ يُصْدِقِ امْرَأَةً مِنْ نِسَائِهِ وَلَا أُصْدِقَتِ (٣) امْرَأَةٌ مِنْ بَنَاتِهِ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ خَمْسِمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ» : اثْنَتَيْ عَشْرَةَ أُوقِيَّةً وَنَشٍّ، وَالنَّشُّ هُوَ النِّصْفُ، وَهَذَا مَعْرُوفٌ عَنْ عُمَرَ وَغَيْرِهِ (٤) . لَكِنَّ أُمَّ حَبِيبَةَ زَوَّجَهُ بِهَا النَّجَاشِيُّ، فَزَادَ الصَّدَاقَ مِنْ عِنْدِهِ (٥) . وَسَوَاءٌ كَانَ هَذَا ثَابِتًا أَوْ لَمْ يَكُنْ (٦) ثَابِتًا فَتَحَرِّي تَخْفِيفِ (٧) الصَّدَاقِ سُنَّةٌ. وَلِهَذَا اسْتَحَبَّ الْعُلَمَاءُ أَنْ لَا يُزَادَ عَلَى
(١) كَانَ: سَاقِطَةٌ مِنْ (أ) ، (ب) ، (ص) ، (هـ) ، (ر) . (٢) ب (فَقَطْ) : لَمْ يَثْبُتْ. (٣) أ، ب، ر، هـ، ص: أَصْدَقَ. (٤) فِي: سُنَنِ أَبِي دَاوُدَ ٢/٣١٦ (كِتَابُ النِّكَاحِ، بَابُ الصَّدَاقِ) عَنْ أَبِي الْعَجْفَاءِ السُّلَمِيِّ، قَالَ: خَطَبَنَا عُمَرُ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ فَقَالَ: أَلَا لَا تُغَالُوا بِصُدُقِ النِّسَاءِ، فَإِنَّهَا لَوْ كَانَتْ مَكْرُمَةً فِي الدُّنْيَا أَوْ تَقْوًى عِنْدَ اللَّهِ لَكَانَ أَوْلَاكُمْ بِهَا النَّبِيُّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ -، مَا أَصْدَقَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - امْرَأَةً مِنْ نِسَائِهِ وَلَا أُصْدِقَتِ امْرَأَةٌ مِنْ بَنَاتِهِ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ثِنْتَيْ عَشْرَةَ أُوقِيَّةً. عَنْ عَائِشَةَ فِي الْكِتَابِ وَالْبَابِ السَّابِقَيْنِ ٢/٣١٥٣١٦ عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا عَنْ صَدَاقِ النَّبِيَّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ -، قَالَتْ ثِنْتَا عَشْرَةَ أُوقِيَّةً وَنَشٌّ. فَقُلْتُ: وَمَا نَشٌّ؟ قَالَتْ: نِصْفُ أُوقِيَّةٍ. وَانْظُرِ الْأَثَرَيْنِ فِي: سُنَنِ ابْنِ مَاجَهْ ١/٦٠٧ (كِتَابُ النِّكَاحِ، بَابُ صَدَاقِ النِّسَاءِ) الدَّارِمِيِّ ٢/١٤١ (كِتَابُ النِّكَاحِ، بَابُ كَمْ كَانَتْ مُهُورُ أَزْوَاجِ النَّبِيِّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - وَبَنَاتِهِ) . وَانْظُرْ حَدِيثَ عُمَرَ فِي الْمُسْنَدِ (ط. الْمَعَارِفِ) ١/٢٢٧. وَقَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَد شَاكِر رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ: إِسْنَادُهُ صَحِيحٌ وَذَكَرَ أَنَّهُ مَرْوِيٌّ فِي سُنَنِ أَبِي دَاوُدَ، وَالتِّرْمِذِيِّ، وَالنَّسَائِيِّ، وَابْنِ مَاجَهْ وَالْبَيْهَقِيِّ، وَقَالَ التِّرْمِذِيُّ: " هَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ " (٥) فِي سُنَنِ أَبِي دَاوُدَ ٢/٣١٦ عَنْ أُمِّ حَبِيبَةَ (رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا) أَنَّهَا كَانَتْ تَحْتَ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَحْشٍ فَمَاتَ بِأَرْضِ الْحَبَشَةِ، فَزَوَّجَهَا النَّجَّاشِيُّ النَّبِيَّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - وَأَمْهَرَهَا عَنْهُ أَرْبَعَةَ آلَافٍ، وَبَعَثَ بِهَا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - مَعَ شُرَحْبِيلَ بْنِ حَسَنَةَ. وَالْحَدِيثُ فِي: سُنَنِ النَّسَائِيِّ ٦/٩٧ (كِتَابُ النِّكَاحِ، بَابُ الْقِسْطِ فِي الْأَصْدِقَةِ) وَزَادَ: " وَلَمْ يَبْعَثْ إِلَيْهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - بِشَيْءٍ، وَكَانَ مَهْرُ نِسَائِهِ أَرْبَعَمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ. وَالْحَدِيثُ أَيْضًا فِي الْمُسْنَدِ (ط. الْحَلَبِيِّ) ٦/٤٢٧. (٦) أ، ب: سَوَاءٌ كَانَ هَذَا ثَابِتًا أَمْ لَمْ يَكُنْ. . . (٧) أ: فَيَجْزِي تَخْفِيفُ، ب: فَتَخْفِيفُ.

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