Minhaj as-Sunnah - Ibn Taimiya - (4/72)

Minhaj as-SunnahIbn Taimiya

to both conditions (1) that either one of the two forms cannot apply when just one of the two conditions is present. There are other parallels to this.

Likewise (2), it was incumbent on him (3) to ask him: “Did he kill it while mindful that he was in the state of ihram, or had he forgotten (4)?” For there is even greater disagreement (5) concerning one who forgets than concerning one who is ignorant.

He should also have asked him: “Did he kill it (6) because it attacked him? Or because dire hunger compelled him to do so (7)? Or did he kill it wantonly (8), for no reason?”

Furthermore, [in] (9) these distinctions there is evidence of the questioner’s ignorance (10), whereas Allah has declared anyone who is to be an infallible imam free of such ignorance. This is seen in his question: “Did he kill it outside the Sacred Precinct or within it?” For when someone in the state of ihram kills game, the penalty is due from him whether he killed it outside or within the Sacred Precinct (11), by agreement of the Muslims. Game within the Sacred Precinct may not be killed by either someone outside the state of ihram or someone in it. Thus, if someone in the state of ihram kills game within the Sacred Precinct, the prohibition is all the more emphatic, but the penalty remains one and the same.

As for his words, “a first-time or repeat offender,” this is a weak distinction adopted only by an isolated figure from among (12) the scholars.

(1) A reads: “from the restriction jointly involving the two conditions”; B: “from restriction to the two conditions taken together”; N, M, and W: “from the combination being restricted to the two conditions.” (2) A and B read: “and for that reason.” (3) “For him” is omitted from A, B, M, S, and W. (4) S reads: “while he himself remembered that it was forbidden, or while forgetful”; A: “while he himself remembered his state of ihram, or was forgetful.” (5) A reads: “For there is disagreement among the people,” with “disagreement” in the nominative; B has the same wording, but with “disagreement” in the accusative. (6) A and B read: “whether he killed it.” (7) A and B read: “was reduced to dire hunger.” (8) A and B read: “or killed it frivolously and wrongfully.” (9) “In” is omitted from N and M. (10) N and M read: “the ignorance of the ignorant person.” (11) A and B read: “whether outside the Sacred Precinct or within it.” (12) A and B read: “No scholar adopted it.”

بِالْأَمْرَيْنِ (١) أَنْ لَا يَثْبُتَ أَحَدُهُمَا مَعَ أَحَدِ الْأَمْرَيْنِ، وَلِهَذَا نَظَائِرُ. وَكَذَلِكَ (٢) كَانَ يَنْبَغِي لَهُ (٣) أَنْ يَسْأَلَهُ: أَقَتَلَهُ وَهُوَ ذَاكِرٌ لِإِحْرَامِهِ أَوْ نَاسٍ (٤) ؟ فَإِنَّ فِي النَّاسِي مِنَ النِّزَاعِ (٥) أَعْظَمُ مِمَّا فِي الْجَاهِلِ. وَيَسْأَلُهُ: أَقَتَلَهُ (٦) لِكَوْنِهِ صَالَ عَلَيْهِ؟ أَوْ لِكَوْنِهِ اضْطُرَّ إِلَيْهِ لِمَخْمَصَةٍ (٧) ؟ أَوْ قَتَلَهُ اعْتِبَاطًا (٨) بِلَا سَبَبٍ؟ . وَأَيْضًا فَإِنَّ [فِي] (٩) هَذِهِ التَّقَاسِيمِ مَا يُبَيِّنُ جَهْلَ السَّائِلِ (١٠) ، وَقَدْ نَزَّهَ اللَّهُ مَنْ يَكُونُ إِمَامًا مَعْصُومًا عَنْ هَذَا الْجَهْلِ، وَهُوَ قَوْلُهُ: أَفِي حِلٍّ قَتَلَهُ أَمْ فِي حَرَمٍ؟ فَإِنَّ الْمُحَرِمَ إِذَا قَتَلَ الصَّيْدَ وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ الْجَزَاءُ، سَوَاءٌ قَتَلَهُ فِي الْحِلِّ أَوْ فِي الْحَرَمِ (١١) بِاتِّفَاقِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَالصَّيْدُ الْحَرَمِيُّ يَحْرُمُ قَتْلُهُ عَلَى الْمُحِلِّ وَالْمُحْرِمِ، فَإِذَا كَانَ مُحْرِمًا وَقَتَلَ صَيْدًا حَرَمِيًّا تَوَكَّدَتِ الْحُرْمَةُ، لَكِنَّ الْجَزَاءَ وَاحِدٌ. وَأَمَّا قَوْلُهُ: " مُبْتَدِئًا أَوْ عَائِدًا " فَإِنَّ هَذَا فَرْقٌ ضَعِيفٌ لَمْ يَذْهَبْ إِلَيْهِ إِلَّا شَاذٌّ مِنْ أَهْلِ (١٢) الْعِلْمِ.

(١) أ: مِنِ الِاخْتِصَاصِ الْمَجْمُوعِ بَيْنَ الْأَمْرَيْنِ، ب: مِنِ الِاخْتِصَاصِ بِمَجْمُوعِ الْأَمْرَيْنِ، ن، م، و: مِنِ اخْتِصَاصِ الْمَجْمُوعِ بِالْأَمْرَيْنِ. (٢) أ، ب: وَلِذَلِكَ. (٣) لَهُ: سَاقِطَةٌ مِنْ (أ) ، (ب) ، (م) ، (ص) ، (و) . (٤) ص: حَرَامَهُ هُوَ أَوْ نَاسِيًا، أ: لِإِحْرَامِهِ هُوَ أَوْ نَاسِي. (٥) أ: فَإِنَّ فِي النَّاسِ نِزَاعٌ، ب: فَإِنَّ فِي النَّاسِ نِزَاعًا. (٦) أ، ب: هَلْ قَتَلَهُ. (٧) أ، ب: اضْطُرَّ إِلَى مَخْمَصَةٍ. (٨) أ، ب: أَوْ قَتَلَهُ عَبَثًا ظُلْمًا. (٩) فِي: سَاقِطَةٌ مِنْ (ن) ، (م) . (١٠) ن، م: جَهْلَ الْجَاهِلِ. (١١) أ، ب: سَوَاءٌ كَانَ فِي الْحِلِّ أَمْ فِي الْحَرَمِ. (١٢) أ، ب: إِلَيْهِ إِنْسَانٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ. .