Minhaj as-Sunnah - Ibn Taimiya - (4/64)

Minhaj as-SunnahIbn Taimiya

and the wicked. The Rāfidah charge many of them with disbelief and wickedness (1). Among them are members of Ahl al-Sunnah who are loyal (2) to Abū Bakr and Umar, such as Zayd ibn Ali ibn al-Husayn and others like him from the descendants of Fātimah [- may Allah be pleased with her -] (3). Indeed, the Rāfidah rejected Zayd ibn Ali ibn al-Husayn and those who supported him, declaring them (4) to be disbelievers and wicked. In fact, whether out of ignorance or obstinacy, the Rāfidah are the fiercest of all people in their enmity toward the descendants of Fātimah—may Allah be pleased with her.

Moreover, Ali ibn Mūsā’s admonition to his aforementioned brother demonstrates that among Fātimah’s descendants are the obedient and the disobedient (5), and that they attained honor from Allah only by obeying Him. This is a universal principle applying to all creation: whoever obeys Allah is honored by Him, while whoever disobeys Allah deserves to be abased by Him. This is what the Book and the Sunnah establish.

As for his statement that al-Ma’mūn appointed him to the caliphate, this is correct. However, [that] did not come to fruition; [rather,] the matter remained thus until Ali ibn Mūsā died (6), and he did not appoint him as his heir apparent (7). They allege that he killed him with poison. Accordingly, if al-Ma’mūn’s first action

(1) A and B read: “and wickedness”; H and R read: “or wickedness.” (2) N, A, W, and H read: “those loyal to”; B reads: “the supporters of.” (3) “May Allah be pleased with her” is omitted from N and M. (4) A and B read: “him.” (5) A and B read: “the obedient and the disobedient.” (6) N and M read: “But this did not continue until he died.” (7) A, B, M, and W read: “and he did not remove him from his designation as heir apparent”; N reads: “and he did not include him in his succession arrangement.” Al-Tabarī states in his history, under the events of 201 AH, that al-Ma’mūn appointed Alī ibn Mūsā as the Muslims’ heir apparent and the caliph after him. This led the Abbasids to rebel against al-Ma’mūn and depose him. The following year, the people of Baghdad pledged allegiance to al-Ma’mūn’s uncle, Ibrāhīm ibn al-Mahdī. In 203 AH, Alī ibn Mūsā al-Ridā died, and the people of Baghdad deposed Ibrāhīm ibn al-Mahdī and renewed their pledge of allegiance to al-Ma’mūn as caliph. See al-Tabarī, 8:554–571; Ibn al-Athīr, al-Kāmil, 6:116–121; al-A‘lām, 5:178.

وَالْفَاجِرُ. وَالرَّافِضَةُ تَشْهَدُ عَلَى كَثِيرٍ مِنْهُمْ بِالْكُفْرِ وَالْفُسُوقِ (١) وَهُمْ أَهْلُ السُّنَّةِ مِنْهُمُ الْمُتَوَلُّونَ (٢) لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ، كَزَيْدِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ وَأَمْثَالِهِ مِنْ ذُرِّيَّةِ فَاطِمَةَ [- رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا -] (٣) ، فَإِنَّ الرَّافِضَةَ رَفَضُوا زَيْدَ بْنَ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ وَمَنْ وَالَاهُ، وَشَهِدُوا عَلَيْهِمْ (٤) بِالْكُفْرِ وَالْفِسْقِ، بَلِ الرَّافِضَةُ أَشَدُّ النَّاسِ عَدَاوَةً إِمَّا بِالْجَهْلِ وَإِمَّا بِالْعِنَادِ لِأَوْلَادِ فَاطِمَةَ - رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا -. ثُمَّ مَوْعِظَةُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُوسَى لِأَخِيهِ الْمَذْكُورِ تَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّ ذَرِّيَّةَ فَاطِمَةَ فِيهِمْ مُطِيعٌ وَعَاصٍ (٥) وَأَنَّهُمْ إِنَّمَا بَلَغُوا كَرَامَةَ اللَّهِ بِطَاعَتِهِ، وَهَذَا قَدْرٌ مُشْتَرَكٌ بَيْنَ جَمِيعِ الْخَلْقِ، فَمَنْ أَطَاعَ اللَّهَ أَكْرَمَهُ اللَّهُ، وَمَنْ عَصَى اللَّهَ كَانَ مُسْتَحِقًّا لِإِهَانَةِ اللَّهِ، وَهَذَا هُوَ الَّذِي دَلَّ عَلَيْهِ الْكِتَابُ وَالسُّنَّةُ. وَأَمَّا مَا ذَكَرَهُ مِنْ تَوْلِيَةِ الْمَأْمُونِ لَهُ الْخِلَافَةَ، فَهَذَا صَحِيحٌ. لَكِنَّ [ذَلِكَ] لَمْ يَتِمَّ، [بَلِ] اسْتَمَرَّ ذَلِكَ إِلَى أَنْ مَاتَ (٦) عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُوسَى، وَلَمْ يَجْعَلْهُ وَلِيَّ عَهْدِهِ (٧) . وَهُمْ يَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّهُ قَتَلَهُ بِالسُّمِّ، فَإِنْ كَانَ فِعْلُ الْمَأْمُونِ الْأَوَّلُ

(١) أ، ب: وَالْفِسْقِ، هـ، ر: أَوِ الْفِسْقِ. (٢) ن، أ، و، هـ: الْمُتَوَالُونَ، ب: الْمُوَالُونَ. (٣) رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا: سَاقِطَةٌ مِنْ (ن) ، (م) . (٤) أ، ب: عَلَيْهِ. (٥) أ، ب: الْمُطِيعُ وَالْعَاصِي. (٦) ن، م: لَكِنْ لَمْ يَتِمَّ اسْتِمْرَارُ ذَلِكَ إِلَى أَنْ مَاتَ. . (٧) أ، ب، م، و: وَلَمْ يَخْلَعْهُ مِنْ عَهْدِهِ، ن: وَلَمْ يَجْعَلْهُ مِنْ عَهْدِهِ. وَيَذْكُرُ الطَّبَرِيُّ فِي تَارِيخِهِ فِي أَحْدَاثِ سَنَةِ: ٢٠١ هـ أَنَّ الْمَأْمُونَ جَعَلَ عَلِيَّ بْنَ مُوسَى وَلِيَّ عَهْدِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَالْخَلِيفَةَ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ وَأَنَّ هَذَا أَدَّى إِلَى خُرُوجِ الْعَبَّاسِيِّينَ عَلَيْهِ وَخَلْعِهِمْ لَهُ. وَفِي السَّنَةِ التَّالِيَةِ بَايَعَ أَهْلُ بَغْدَادَ عَمَّ الْمَأْمُونِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ابْنَ الْمَهْدِيِّ، وَفِي سَنَةِ ٢٠٣ تُوُفِّيَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُوسَى الرِّضَا وَخَلَعَ أَهْلُ بَغْدَادَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ابْنَ الْمَهْدِيِّ وَبَايَعُوا الْمَأْمُونَ بِالْخِلَافَةِ مِنْ جَدِيدٍ. انْظُرْ: الطَّبَرِيَّ ٨/٥٥٤ - ٥٧١، الْكَامِلَ لِابْنِ الْأَثِيرِ ٦/١١٦ - ١٢١، الْأَعْلَامَ ٥/١٧٨.