16
This is as reported in the Sahih from the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace:
“A funeral procession passed before him, and the people spoke well of the deceased. He said, ‘It is certain! It is certain!’ Another funeral procession passed before him, and they spoke of the deceased—of the deceased (1)—in disparaging terms. He said, ‘It is certain! It is certain!’
“They asked, ‘O Messenger of Allah, what did you mean by saying, “It is certain! It is certain”?’
“He replied, ‘You spoke well of this deceased person, so I said, “Paradise has become certain for them.” You spoke ill of this deceased person, so I said, “The Fire has become certain for them.” You are Allah’s witnesses on earth.’” (2)
It is also reported in the Musnad that the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—said:
“You will soon know who are the people of Paradise and who are the people of the Fire.”
They asked, “How, O Messenger of Allah?”
He replied, “By favorable and unfavorable testimony.” (3)
(1) The second occurrence of “of the deceased” is omitted from (A) and (B).
(2) The hadith, with some variation in wording, is narrated from Anas ibn Mālik—may Allah be pleased with him—in al-Bukhārī, 3/169 (Book of Testimony, chapter: How Many Persons Are Sufficient to Attest to Uprightness), and 2/97 (Book of Funerals, chapter: People’s Praise of the Deceased); Muslim, 2/655–656 (Book of Funerals, chapter: Those among the Deceased Who Are Praised for Good or Evil); Sunan al-Tirmidhī, 2/261 (Book of Funerals, chapter: What Has Been Related concerning Speaking Well of the Deceased). Al-Tirmidhī said: “This chapter also contains reports from Umar, Ka‘b ibn Ujra, and Abū Hurayra.” See also Sunan al-Nasā’ī, 4/41 (Book of Funerals, chapter: Praise), and Sunan Ibn Mājah, 1/478 (Book of Funerals, chapter: What Has Been Related concerning Praise of the Deceased). Another hadith with the same meaning is narrated from Abū Hurayra—may Allah be pleased with him—in Sunan al-Nasā’ī and Sunan Ibn Mājah at the two locations cited above. It is also found in Sunan Abī Dāwūd, 3/296 (Book of Funerals, chapter: Praise of the Deceased), and al-Musnad (al-Ma‘ārif ed.), 13/277–278, as well as elsewhere.
(3) The hadith is narrated by Abū Bakr ibn Abī Zuhayr al-Thaqafī from his father—may Allah be pleased with him—in Sunan Ibn Mājah, 2/1411 (Book of Asceticism, chapter: Favorable Praise). The annotator states in al-Zawā’id: “Its isnād is sound and its narrators are trustworthy. This is the only hadith from Abū Zuhayr recorded by Ibn Mājah, and he has no reports in the other five of the Six Books.” The hadith is also found in al-Musnad (al-Halabī ed.), 3/416 and 6/467.
كَمَا فِي الصَّحِيحِ «عَنِ النَّبِيِّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - أَنَّهُ مُرَّ عَلَيْهِ بِجِنَازَةٍ،
فَأَثْنَوْا عَلَيْهَا خَيْرًا فَقَالَ:
" وَجَبَتْ وَجَبَتْ "
. وَمُرَّ عَلَيْهِ بِجِنَازَةٍ،
فَأَثْنَوْا عَلَيْهَا عَلَيْهَا:
(١)
.
شَرًّا فَقَالَ:
" وَجَبَتْ وَجَبَتْ "
.
فَقَالُوا:
يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا قَوْلُكَ: وَجَبَتْ وَجَبَتْ؟
قَالَ:
" هَذِهِ الْجِنَازَةُ أَثْنَيْتُمْ عَلَيْهَا خَيْرًا،
فَقُلْتُ:
وَجَبَتْ لَهَا الْجَنَّةُ. وَهَذِهِ الْجِنَازَةُ أَثْنَيْتُمْ عَلَيْهَا شَرًّا،
فَقُلْتُ:
"
وَجَبَتْ لَهَا النَّارُ، أَنْتُمْ شُهَدَاءُ اللَّهِ فِي الْأَرْضِ»
(٢)
. .
وَفِي الْمُسْنَدِ «عَنِ النَّبِيِّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ -
أَنَّهُ قَالَ:
" يُوشِكُ أَنْ تَعْلَمُوا أَهْلَ الْجَنَّةِ مِنْ أَهْلِ النَّارِ "
قَالُوا: بِمَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ؟
قَالَ:
" بِالثَّنَاءِ الْحَسَنِ وَالثَّنَاءِ السَّيِّئِ»
(٣)
(١) سَاقِطَةٌ مِنْ (أ) ، (ب)
(٢) الْحَدِيثُ مَعَ اخْتِلَافٍ فِي الْأَلْفَاظِ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ - رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ - فِي الْبُخَارِيِّ ٣/١٦٩ (كِتَابُ الشَّهَادَاتِ، بَابُ تَعْدِيلِ كَمْ يَجُوزُ) ، ٢/٩٧ (كِتَابُ الْجَنَائِزِ، بَابُ ثَنَاءِ النَّاسِ عَلَى الْمَيِّتِ) ، مُسْلِمٍ ٢/٦٥٥ - ٦٥٦ (كِتَابُ الْجَنَائِزِ، بَابُ فِيمَنْ يُثْنَى عَلَيْهِ خَيْرٌ أَوْ شَرٌّ مِنَ الْمَوْتَى) ، سُنَنِ التِّرْمِذِيِّ ٢/٢٦١ (كِتَابُ الْجَنَائِزِ، بَابُ مَا جَاءَ فِي الثَّنَاءِ الْحَسَنِ عَلَى الْمَيِّتِ) ، وَقَالَ التِّرْمِذِيُّ: وَفِي الْبَابِ عَنْ عُمَرَ وَكَعْبِ بْنِ عُجْرَةَ وَأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، سُنَنِ النَّسَائِيِّ ٤/٤١، (كِتَابُ الْجَنَائِزِ، بَابُ الثَّنَاءِ) ، سُنَنِ ابْنِ مَاجَهْ ١/٤٧٨ (كِتَابُ الْجَنَائِزِ، بَابُ مَا جَاءَ فِي الثَّنَاءِ عَلَى الْمَيِّتِ) ، وَجَاءَ حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ بِمَعْنَاهُ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ - رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ - فِي سُنَنِ النَّسَائِيِّ وَسُنَنِ ابْنِ مَاجَهْ فِي الْمَوْضِعَيْنِ السَّابِقَيْنِ، وَهُوَ فِي: سُنَنِ أَبِي دَاوُدَ ٣/٢٩٦ (كِتَابُ الْجَنَائِزِ، بَابٌ فِي الثَّنَاءِ عَلَى الْمَيِّتِ) ، الْمُسْنَدِ (ط. الْمَعَارِفِ) ١٣/٢٧٧ - ٢٧٨ وَفِي مَوَاضِعَ أُخْرَى
(٣) الْحَدِيثُ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي زُهَيْرٍ الثَّقَفِيِّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ - رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ - فِي: سُنَنِ ابْنِ مَاجَهْ ٢/١٤١١ (كِتَابُ الزُّهْدِ، بَابُ الثَّنَاءِ الْحَسَنِ) ، وَقَالَ الْمُعَلِّقُ فِي الزَّوَائِدِ: إِسْنَادُهُ صَحِيحٌ، رِجَالُهُ ثِقَاتٌ، وَلَيْسَ لِأَبِي زُهَيْرٍ هَذَا عَنِ ابْنِ مَاجَهْ سِوَى هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ، وَلَيْسَ لَهُ شَيْءٌ فِي بَقِيَّةِ الْكُتُبِ السِّتَّةِ، وَالْحَدِيثُ فِي الْمُسْنَدِ (ط. الْحَلَبِيِّ) ٣/٤١٦، ٦/٤٦٧. .