Minhaj as-Sunnah - Ibn Taimiya - (3/472)

Minhaj as-SunnahIbn Taimiya

were called Rāfidis(1) because Zayd ibn Alī(2) said to them(3), “Have you rejected me?” *)(4) He was left with only a small band(5), then fought Yūsuf ibn Umar and was killed.

They said(6): “The Rāfidis unanimously agree”(7) that the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—explicitly designated Alī ibn Abī Tālib by name as his successor, made this manifest, and proclaimed it publicly; that most of the Companions went astray by failing(8) to follow him after the Prophet’s death—may Allah bless him and grant him peace; that the imamate can be established only by express designation and authoritative appointment; that it is based on kinship; and that an imam may, when practicing religious dissimulation(9), say that he is not an imam. They all rejected independent legal reasoning in matters of law and claimed that the imam must be the best of all people. They also claimed that Alī(10) was correct in every circumstance and did not err in any matter of religion(11), except for the Kāmiliyya—the followers of Abū Kāmil—who declared(12) the people unbelievers for failing to follow him, declared Alī an unbeliever for failing to pursue his claim, rejected rising up(13) against(14) unjust rulers, and said that such an uprising is not permissible without the imam

(1) *Al-Maqālāt* reads: “the Rāfidis.” (2) The words “ibn Alī” are omitted from *al-Maqālāt* and (W). (3) The words “to them” are omitted from (N) and (M). (4) The passage between the two asterisks is omitted from (A) and (B). (5) (A) and (B) read: “and it was a small band.” (6) The following passage is al-Asharī’s wording in *Maqālāt al-Islāmiyyīn*, 1/87–91. (7) *Al-Maqālāt* reads: “and they unanimously agree.” (8) (A) and (B) read: “by failing.” (9) (A) and (B) read: “the pledge of allegiance,” which is a textual corruption. (10) *Al-Maqālāt*, 1/88, reads: “Alī—may Allah be pleased with him.” (11) (H), (R), and (S) read: “in any of all matters of religion.” (12) (W) and (S) read: “declared them unbelievers.” (13) (A) reads: “and the Khārijites rejected it,” which is an error. (14) (B) alone reads: “with,” which is an error.

سُمُّوا رَافِضَةً (١) .، لِقَوْلِ زَيْدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ (٢) . لَهُمْ (٣) . رَفَضْتُمُونِي *) (٤) ، وَبَقِيَ فِي شِرْذِمَةٍ (٥) . فَقَاتَلَ يُوسُفَ بْنَ عُمَرَ فَقُتِلَ ". قَالُوا (٦) : " وَالرَّافِضَةُ مُجْمِعُونَ " (٧) . عَلَى أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - نَصَّ عَلَى اسْتِخْلَافِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ بِاسْمِهِ، وَأَظْهَرَ ذَلِكَ وَأَعْلَنَهُ، وَأَنَّ أَكْثَرَ الصَّحَابَةِ ضَلُّوا بِتَرْكِهِمُ (٨) . الِاقْتِدَاءَ بِهِ بَعْدَ وَفَاةِ النَّبِيِّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ -، وَأَنَّ الْإِمَامَةَ لَا تَكُونُ إِلَّا بِنَصٍّ وَتَوْقِيفٍ، وَأَنَّهَا قَرَابَةٌ، وَأَنَّهُ جَائِزٌ لِلْإِمَامِ فِي حَالِ التَّقِيَّةِ (٩) . أَنْ يَقُولَ إِنَّهُ: لَيْسَ بِإِمَامٍ، وَأَبْطَلُوا جَمِيعًا الِاجْتِهَادَ فِي الْأَحْكَامِ، وَزَعَمُوا أَنَّ الْإِمَامَ لَا يَكُونُ إِلَّا أَفْضَلَ النَّاسِ، وَزَعَمُوا أَنَّ عَلِيًّا " (١٠) . كَانَ مُصِيبًا فِي جَمِيعِ أَحْوَالِهِ، وَأَنَّهُ لَمْ يُخْطِئْ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنْ أُمُورِ الدِّينِ (١١) .، إِلَّا الْكَامِلِيَّةَ - أَصْحَابَ أَبِي كَامِلٍ - فَإِنَّهُمْ أَكَفَرُوا (١٢) . النَّاسَ بِتَرْكِ الِاقْتِدَاءِ بِهِ، وَأَكْفَرُوا عَلِيًّا بِتَرْكِ الطَّلَبِ، وَأَنْكَرُوا الْخُرُوجَ (١٣) . عَلَى (١٤) . أَئِمَّةِ الْجَوْرِ، وَقَالُوا: لَيْسَ يَجُوزُ ذَلِكَ دُونَ الْإِمَامِ

(١) الْمَقَالَاتِ: الرَّافِضَةَ (٢) بْنِ عَلِيٍّ: سَاقِطَةٌ مِنَ " الْمَقَالَاتِ "، و (٣) لَهُمْ: سَاقِطَةٌ مِنْ (ن) ، (م) (٤) مَا بَيْنَ النَّجْمَتَيْنِ سَاقِطٌ مِنْ (أ) ، (ب) (٥) أ، ب: وَهِيَ شِرْذِمَةٌ (٦) الْكَلَامُ التَّالِي هُوَ لِلْأَشْعَرِيِّ فِي مَقَالَاتِ الْإِسْلَامِيِّينَ ١/٨٧ - ٩١ (٧) الْمَقَالَاتِ ": وَهُمْ مُجْمِعُونَ (٨) أ، ب: بِتَرْكِ (٩) أ، ب: الْبَيْعَةِ، وَهُوَ تَحْرِيفٌ (١٠) الْمَقَالَاتِ " ١/٨٨، عَلِيًّا رِضْوَانُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ (١١) هـ، ر، ص: فِي شَيْءٍ مِنْ جَمِيعِ أُمُورِ الدِّينِ (١٢) و، ص: كَفَّرُوا (١٣) أ: وَأَنْكَرَ الْخَوَارِجُ، وَهُوَ خَطَأٌ (١٤) ب فَقَطْ: مَعَ، وَهُوَ خَطَأٌ