Minhaj as-Sunnah - Ibn Taimiya - (3/426)

Minhaj as-SunnahIbn Taimiya

by the verse on ablution and the verse prohibiting wine. Yet it may not even have become nabīdh; rather, the water (1) may have remained unchanged, or undergone a slight or substantial change while still being water, according to those who permit ablution with water mixed with another substance, such as broad-bean water, chickpea water, and the like. This is the position of Abū Hanīfah and, according to most (2) reports from him, Ahmad. This position is supported by stronger evidence than the other view, because His words (3), “and find no water” [Surah al-Nisāʾ: 43] (4), contain an indefinite noun (5) in the context of negation. They therefore encompass water changed by adding these pure substances (6), just as they encompass water changed by its original constitution or by something from which it cannot be protected (7), for the wording applies equally to both—just as ablution with seawater is permissible.

Indeed (8), when the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—was asked, “May we perform ablution with seawater? [For we travel by sea and carry only a little water with us; if we use it for ablution, we will go thirsty.” The Messenger of Allah—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—replied:] (9) “Its water is purifying, and its dead creatures are lawful.”

Al-Tirmidhī said, “It is an authentic hadith.” (10) Thus seawater is purifying, even though

(1) “The water” is omitted from (A) and (B). (2) (A) and (B): “and Ahmad and most.” (3) (A) and (B): “For His words, Most High.” (4) (A) and (B): “His words, Most High: ‘and find no water’”; (W): “His word ‘water.’” (5) (N) and (M): “it is disliked,” which is a corruption. (6) (N), (M), and (W): “matters”; the word is omitted from (A) and (B). (7) (S) only: “protecting the water from it.” (8) “Indeed” is omitted from (N) and (M). (9) The text between square brackets is omitted from (N) and (M). The phrase “the Messenger of Allah—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—” is omitted from (W). (10) The hadith of Abū Hurayrah—may Allah be pleased with him—is found in *Sunan Abī Dāwūd*, 1/54 (Book of Purification, Chapter on Ablution with Seawater); *Sunan al-Tirmidhī*, 1/47 (Book of Purification, Chapter on What Has Been Reported Concerning Seawater Being Purifying). Al-Tirmidhī said: “Reports on this subject have also been narrated from Jābir and al-Firāsī. This is a *hasan sahīh* (sound and authentic) hadith.” It is also found in *Sunan al-Nasāʾī*, 1/44 (Book of Purification, Chapter on Seawater), 1/143 (Book of Water, Chapter on Ablution with Seawater), and 7/183 (Book of Hunting, Chapter on Dead Sea Animals); and *al-Musnad* (al-Maʿārif ed.), 12/222–223, 17 64, 183.

بِآيَةِ الْوُضُوءِ وَآيَةِ تَحْرِيمِ الْخَمْرِ، مَعَ أَنَّهُ قَدْ يَكُونُ لَمْ يَصِرْ نَبِيذًا، وَإِنَّمَا كَانَ الْمَاءُ (١) . بَاقِيًا لَمْ يَتَغَيَّرْ، أَوْ تَغَيَّرْ تَغَيُّرًا يَسِيرًا أَوْ تَغَيُّرًا كَثِيرًا، مَعَ كَوْنِهِ مَاءً عَلَى قَوْلِ مَنْ يُجَوِّزُ الْوُضُوءَ بِالْمَاءِ الْمُضَافِ، كَمَاءِ الْبَاقِلَاءِ وَمَاءِ الْحِمَّصِ وَنَحْوِهِمَا، وَهُوَ مَذْهَبُ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ وَأَحْمَدَ فِي أَكْثَرِ (٢) . الرِّوَايَاتِ عَنْهُ، وَهُوَ أَقْوَى فِي الْحُجَّةِ مِنَ الْقَوْلِ الْآخَرِ ; لِأَنَّ قَوْلَهُ (٣) . {فَلَمْ تَجِدُوا مَاءً} [سُورَةُ النِّسَاءِ: ٤٣] (٤) . نَكِرَةٌ (٥) . فِي سِيَاقِ النَّفْيِ، فَيَعُمُّ مَا تَغَيَّرَ بِإِلْقَاءِ هَذِهِ الطَّاهِرَاتِ (٦) . فِيهِ، كَمَا يَعُمُّ مَا تَغَيَّرَ بِأَصْلِ خِلْقَتِهِ، أَوْ بِمَا لَا يُمْكِنُ صَوْنُهُ عَنْهُ (٧) ، إِذْ شُمُولُ اللَّفْظِ لَهُمَا سَوَاءٌ كَمَا يَجُوزُ التَّوَضُّؤُ بِمَاءِ الْبَحْرِ. وَقَدْ (٨) . قَالَ النَّبِيُّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - لَمَّا قِيلَ لَهُ «أَنَتَوَضَّأُ مِنْ مَاءِ الْبَحْرِ؟ [فَإِنَّا نَرْكَبُ الْبَحْرَ وَنَحْمِلُ مَعَنَا الْقَلِيلَ مِنَ الْمَاءِ فَإِنْ تَوَضَّأْنَا بِهِ عَطَشْنَا. فَقَالَ: رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ -] (٩) " وَهُوَ الطَّهُورُ مَاؤُهُ الْحِلُّ مَيْتَتُهُ» " . قَالَ التِّرْمِذِيُّ: حَدِيثٌ صَحِيحٌ (١٠) ، فَمَاءُ الْبَحْرِ طَهُورٌ، مَعَ

(١) الْمَاءُ: سَاقِطَةٌ مِنْ (أ) ، (ب) (٢) أ، ب: وَأَحْمَدَ وَأَكْثَرُ (٣) أ، ب: فَإِنَّ قَوْلَهُ تَعَالَى (٤) أ، ب: قَوْلَهُ تَعَالَى: فَإِنْ لَمْ تَجِدُوا مَاءً، و: قَوْلَهُ مَاءً (٥) ن، م: يُكْرَهُ، وَهُوَ تَحْرِيفٌ (٦) ن، م، و: الْأُمُورِ، وَسَقَطَتِ الْكَلِمَةُ مِنْ (أ) ، (ب) (٧) ص فَقَطْ: صَوْنُ الْمَاءِ عَنْهُ. (٨) وَقَدْ: سَاقِطَةٌ مِنْ (ن) ، (م) (٩) مَا بَيْنَ الْمَعْقُوفَتَيْنِ سَاقِطَةٌ مِنْ (ن) ، (م) ، وَسَقَطَتْ مِنْ (و) عِبَارَةُ: رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ -. (١٠) الْحَدِيثُ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ - رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ - فِي: سُنَنِ أَبِي دَاوُدَ ١/٥٤ (كِتَابُ الطَّهَارَةِ، بَابُ الْوُضُوءِ بِمَاءِ الْبَحْرِ) ، سُنَنِ التِّرْمِذِيِّ ١/٤٧ (كِتَابُ الطَّهَارَةِ، بَابُ مَا جَاءَ فِي مَاءِ الْبَحْرِ أَنَّهُ طَهُورٌ) ، وَقَالَ التِّرْمِذِيُّ: وَفِي الْبَابِ عَنْ جَابِرٍ وَالْفِرَاسِيِّ، هَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ، سُنَنِ النَّسَائِيِّ ١/٤٤ (كِتَابُ الطَّهَارَةِ، بَابُ مَاءِ الْبَحْرِ) ١/١٤٣ (كِتَابُ الْمِيَاهِ، بَابُ الْوُضُوءِ بِمَاءِ الْبَحْرِ) ، ٧/١٨٣ (كِتَابُ الصَّيْدِ، بَابُ مَيْتَةِ الْبَحْرِ) ، الْمُسْنَدِ (ط. الْمَعَارِفِ) ، ١٢/٢٢٢ - ٢٢٣، ١٧ ٦٤، ١٨٣.