16
and peace of Allah be upon him—who said:
“Whoever sees something in his ruler that he dislikes (1) should bear it patiently. Indeed, (2) whoever separates himself from the community by so much as a handspan and then dies has died (3) the death of the Age of Ignorance.” (4)
In another wording:
“Indeed, whoever withdraws (5) by so much as a handspan from the ruler’s authority and then dies has died the death (6) of the Age of Ignorance.”
This is the wording of al-Bukhārī. (7)
His statement—peace and blessings be upon him—(8) has also been cited above, [when he mentioned] (9) that they “would not follow his guidance or adhere to his sunnah.
Hudhayfa asked, ‘What should I do (10), O Messenger of Allah, if I live to see that?’
He replied, ‘You must listen to and obey the ruler. Even if he strikes your back and takes your property, listen and obey.’” (11)
This is a command to obey even when the ruler acts unjustly.
(1) (A) and (B) read: “of which he disapproves.”
(2) (N), (M), and (W) read: “for indeed [whoever…].”
(3) (A) and (B) read: “and then dies, has died.”
(4) This hadith appeared previously at 1/113, where I commented on it.
(5) (A) and (B) omit the introductory “Indeed” and read: “whoever withdraws”; (N) reads: “Indeed, whoever withdraws,” using the imperfect verb; (M) reads: “so whoever withdraws.”
(6) (N) and (M) read: “by a handspan and dies the death”; (W) reads: “by a handspan, then dies the death.”
(7) This hadith, with this wording, appeared previously at 1/113.
(8) “May Allah bless him and grant him peace” is an addition in (A) and (B).
(9) “When he mentioned” is absent from (N) and (M).
(10) (W) reads: “we should do.”
(11) The hadith narrated from Hudhayfa ibn al-Yamān—may Allah be pleased with him—is found in Muslim, 3/1476 (Book of Government, Chapter: The Obligation to Adhere to the Muslim Community). Its wording is: Hudhayfa ibn al-Yamān said, “I said, ‘O Messenger of Allah, we were in a state of evil; then Allah brought us good, in which we now live. Will there be evil after this good?’ He replied, ‘Yes.’ I asked, ‘Will there be good after that evil?’ He replied, ‘Yes.’ I asked, ‘Will there be evil after that good?’ He replied, ‘Yes.’ I asked, ‘How?’ He replied, ‘After me there will be rulers who do not follow my guidance or adhere to my sunnah. Among them will arise men whose hearts are the hearts of devils in human bodies.’ I asked, ‘What should I do, O Messenger of Allah, if I live to see that?’ He replied, ‘You must listen to and obey the ruler. Even if he strikes your back and takes your property, listen and obey.’”
Another hadith narrated from Hudhayfa—may Allah be pleased with him—is found in *Sunan Abī Dāwūd*, 4/135–136 (Book of Tribulations, Chapter: The Tribulations and Their Signs). Its meaning is similar to that of this hadith, although it includes additional wording. It states: “If Allah has a caliph on earth who strikes your back and takes your property, obey him. Otherwise, die while biting firmly onto the stump of a tree…” to the end of the hadith.
اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ -
قَالَ:
" «مَنْ رَأَى مِنْ أَمِيرِهِ شَيْئًا يَكْرَهُهُ
(١)
فَلْيَصْبِرْ عَلَيْهِ، فَإِنَّهُ
(٢)
مَنْ فَارَقَ الْجَمَاعَةَ شِبْرًا فَمَاتَ إِلَّا مَاتَ
(٣)
مَيْتَةً جَاهِلِيَّةً» "
.
(٤)
وَفِي لَفْظٍ:
" «فَإِنَّهُ مَنْ خَرَجَ
(٥)
مِنَ السُّلْطَانِ شِبْرًا فَمَاتَ مَاتَ مَيْتَةً
(٦)
جَاهِلِيَّةً» "
. وَاللَّفْظُ لِلْبُخَارِيِّ
(٧)
وَقَدْ تَقَدَّمَ قَوْلُهُ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ -
(٨)
[لَمَّا ذَكَرَ]
(٩)
أَنَّهُمْ «لَا يَهْتَدُونَ بِهَدْيِهِ وَلَا يَسْتَنُّونَ بِسُنَّتِهِ.
قَالَ حُذَيْفَةُ:
كَيْفَ أَصْنَعُ
(١٠)
يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، إِنْ أَدْرَكْتُ ذَلِكَ؟
قَالَ:
" تَسْمَعُ وَتُطِيعُ لِلْأَمِيرِ وَإِنْ ضَرَبَ ظَهْرَكَ وَأَخَذَ مَالَكَ فَاسْمَعْ وَأَطِعْ» "
.
(١١)
فَهَذَا أَمْرٌ بِالطَّاعَةِ مَعَ ظُلْمِ الْأَمِيرِ.
(١) أ، ب: يُنْكِرُهُ.
(٢) ن، م، و: فَإِنَّ.
(٣) أ، ب: فَمَاتَ مَاتَ.
(٤) مَضَى هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ مِنْ قَبْلُ ١/١١٣ وَعَلَّقْتُ عَلَيْهِ هُنَاكَ.
(٥) أ، ب: مَنْ خَرَجَ ; ن: فَإِنَّهُ مَنْ يَخْرُجُ ; م: فَمَنْ خَرَجَ.
(٦) ن، م: شِبْرًا مَاتَ مَيْتَةً ; و: شِبْرًا فَمَاتَ مَيْتَةً.
(٧) مَضَى الْحَدِيثُ بِهَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةِ فِيمَا سَبَقَ، ١/١١٣
(٨) صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: زِيَادَةٌ فِي (أ) ، (ب) .
(٩) لَمَّا ذَكَرَ: سَاقِطَةٌ مِنْ (ن) ، (م) .
(١٠) و: نَصْنَعُ.
(١١) الْحَدِيثُ عَنْ حُذَيْفَةَ بْنِ الْيَمَانِ - رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ - فِي: مُسْلِمٍ ٣/١٤٧٦ (كِتَابُ الْإِمَارَةِ، بَابُ وُجُوبِ مُلَازِمَةِ جَمَاعَةِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ) ، وَلَفْظُهُ: قَالَ حُذَيْفَةُ بْنُ الْيَمَانِ: قُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، إِنَّا كُنَّا بِشَرٍّ، فَجَاءَ اللَّهُ بِخَيْرٍ، فَنَحْنُ فِيهِ، فَهَلْ مِنْ وَرَاءِ هَذَا الْخَيْرِ شَرٌّ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ. قُلْتُ: هَلْ وَرَاءَ ذَلِكَ الشَّرِّ خَيْرٌ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ. قُلْتُ: فَهَلْ وَرَاءَ ذَلِكَ الْخَيْرِ شَرٌّ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ. قُلْتُ: كَيْفَ؟ قَالَ: يَكُونُ بَعْدِي أَئِمَّةٌ لَا يَهْتَدُونَ بِهُدَايَ، وَلَا يَسْتَنُّونَ بِسُنَّتِي، وَسَيَقُومُ فِيهِمْ رِجَالٌ قُلُوبُهُمْ قُلُوبُ الشَّيَاطِينِ فِي جُثْمَانِ إِنْسٍ. قَالَ: قُلْتُ: كَيْفَ أَصْنَعُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنْ أَدْرَكْتُ ذَلِكَ؟ قَالَ: تَسْمَعُ وَتُطِيعُ لِلْأَمِيرِ وَإِنْ ضَرَبَ ظَهْرَكَ وَأَخَذَ مَالَكَ، فَاسْمَعْ وَأَطِعْ. وَجَاءَ حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ عَنْ حُذَيْفَةَ - رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ - فِي: سُنَنِ أَبِي دَاوُدَ ٤/١٣٥ - ١٣٦ (كِتَابُ الْفِتَنِ، بَابُ ذِكْرِ الْفِتَنِ وَدَلَائِلِهَا) ، قَرِيبٌ فِي مَعْنَاهُ مِنْ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ وَإِنْ زَادَ عَلَيْهِ بِعِبَارَاتٍ أُخْرَى، وَفِيهِ: إِنْ كَانَ لِلَّهِ خَلِيفَةٌ فِي الْأَرْضِ فَضَرَبَ ظَهْرَكَ وَأَخَذَ مَالَكَ فَأَطِعْهُ، وَإِلَّا فَمُتْ وَأَنْتَ عَاضٌّ بِجِذْلِ شَجَرَةٍ. . . الْحَدِيثَ.