Minhaj as-SunnahIbn Taimiya

And it is known that for the essential nature of the general kind of temporal origination, the general kind (1) of temporal events, the general kind of action, the general kind of bringing things into being, or any similar formulation, to change from impossibility to possibility means that it became possible and admissible after having been impossible, without any newly arising cause (2). This is plainly impossible according to reason. It also constitutes a change in the general kind from intrinsic impossibility to intrinsic possibility, for according to them, the very nature of the general kind of temporal events becomes possible after having been impossible.

This transition is not confined to any determinate time, for there is no time one might posit without possibility already being established before it. (3 It follows that this transition has always existed 3)(3). It therefore follows that what is impossible has always been possible. This is even more manifestly impossible than our statement that a temporal event has always been possible. Thus, what follows for them from the position they fled [to is even more impossible than what followed for them from the position they fled] (4) from. For it is conceivable that a temporal event should be possible (5), and it is conceivable that this possibility has always existed. But for what is impossible to be possible is itself impossible—so what if it is said, “The possibility of this impossibility has always existed!”

Furthermore, the condition they mentioned—namely, that the general kind of action or the general kind of temporal events, on condition (6) that they are preceded by nonexistence, has always been possible—also entails combining two contradictories. For the fact that this (7) has always been possible entails that its possibility has no beginning,

(1) N and M read: “temporal origination to the general kind of.” (2) N alone reads: “limited.” (3) The text between markers 3–3 is omitted from B alone. (4) The text in square brackets is omitted from N alone. (5) A and B read: “impossible.” (6) N and M read: “is stipulated.” (7) N and M read: “Furthermore, the fact that this …” etc.
وَمَعْلُومٌ أَنَّ انْقِلَابَ حَقِيقَةِ جِنْسِ الْحُدُوثِ أَوْ جِنْسِ (١) الْحَوَادِثِ، أَوْ جِنْسِ الْفِعْلِ، أَوْ جِنْسِ الْإِحْدَاثِ، أَوْ مَا يُشْبِهُ هَذَا مِنَ الْعِبَارَاتِ مِنْ الِامْتِنَاعِ إِلَى الْإِمْكَانِ هُوَ مَصِيرُ ذَلِكَ مُمْكِنًا جَائِزًا بَعْدَ أَنْ كَانَ مُمْتَنِعًا مِنْ غَيْرِ سَبَبٍ تَجَدَّدَ (٢) ، وَهَذَا مُمْتَنِعٌ فِي صَرِيحِ الْعَقْلِ، وَهُوَ أَيْضًا انْقِلَابُ الْجِنْسِ مِنْ الِامْتِنَاعِ الذَّاتِيِّ إِلَى الْإِمْكَانِ الذَّاتِيِّ، فَإِنَّ ذَاتَ جِنْسِ الْحَوَادِثِ عِنْدَهُمْ تَصِيرُ مُمْكِنَةً بَعْدَ أَنْ كَانَتْ مُمْتَنِعَةً. وَهَذَا الِانْقِلَابُ لَا يَخْتَصُّ بِوَقْتٍ مُعَيَّنٍ، فَإِنَّهُ مَا مِنْ وَقْتِ يُقَدَّرُ إِلَّا وَالْإِمْكَانُ ثَابِتٌ قَبْلَهُ، (٣ فَيَلْزَمُ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَزَلْ هَذَا الِانْقِلَابُ ٣) (٣) ، فَيَلْزَمُ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَزَلِ الْمُمْتَنِعُ مُمْكِنًا، وَهَذَا أَبْلَغُ فِي الِامْتِنَاعِ مِنْ قَوْلِنَا لَمْ يَزَلِ الْحَادِثُ مُمْكِنًا، فَقَدْ لَزِمَهُمْ فِيمَا فَرُّوا [إِلَيْهِ أَبْلَغُ مِمَّا لَزِمَهُمْ فِيمَا فَرُّوا] (٤) مِنْهُ، فَإِنَّهُ يُعْقَلُ كَوْنُ الْحَادِثِ مُمْكِنًا (٥) ، وَيُعْقَلُ أَنَّ هَذَا الْإِمْكَانَ لَمْ يَزَلْ، وَأَمَّا كَوْنُ الْمُمْتَنِعِ مُمْكِنًا، فَهُوَ مُمْتَنِعٌ فِي نَفْسِهِ، فَكَيْفَ إِذَا قِيلَ: لَمْ يَزَلْ إِمْكَانُ هَذَا الْمُمْتَنِعِ! . وَأَيْضًا فَمَا ذَكَرُوهُ مِنَ الشَّرْطِ: وَهُوَ أَنَّ جِنْسَ الْفِعْلِ، أَوْ جِنْسَ الْحَوَادِثِ - بِشَرْطِ (٦) كَوْنُهَا مَسْبُوقَةً بِالْعَدَمِ - لَمْ يَزَلْ مُمْكِنًا، فَإِنَّهُ يَتَضَمَّنُ الْجَمْعَ بَيْنَ النَّقِيضَيْنِ أَيْضًا، فَإِنَّ كَوْنَ هَذَا (٧) لَمْ يَزَلْ يَقْتَضِي أَنَّهُ لَا بِدَايَةَ لِإِمْكَانِهِ،.
(١) ن، م: الْحُدُوثِ إِلَى جِنْسِ. (٢) ن (فَقَطْ) : مَحْدُودٍ. (٣) (٣ - ٣) : سَاقِطٌ مِنْ (ب) فَقَطْ. (٤) مَا بَيْنَ الْمَعْقُوفَتَيْنِ سَاقِطٌ مِنْ (ن) فَقَطْ. (٥) أ، ب: مُمْتَنِعًا. (٦) ن، م: يُشْتَرَطُ. (٧) ن، م: وَأَيْضًا فَإِنَّ كَوْنَ هَذَا. . إِلَخْ.

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