Minhaj as-Sunnah - Ibn Taimiya - (3/327)

Minhaj as-SunnahIbn Taimiya

as legally recognized partners (1), the actions they undertook would be governed by the command (2) of the Lawgiver, who is (3) above them both, or would be governed (4) by the judgment of those experienced in the business in which they had entered into partnership. They must both resolve (5) to follow this. If (6) they disagree, the Lawgiver or the experts to whom they are required to refer (7) will decide between them; it was on this basis that they formed their partnership and stipulated its terms. But if (8) they do not refer to a third party, or neither (9) is subordinate to the other, their partnership is impossible. One may, however, defer to the other on one occasion and the other defer to him on another, as with two opposing parties. In that case, each of them (10), whenever the other defers to him (11), is the principal, while the other is subordinate to him.

For this reason, it is obligatory to appoint a leader for even the briefest period and the smallest gathering. The Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—said:

“It is not lawful for three people to be (12) on a journey until they appoint one of them as their leader.”

It was narrated by Imam (13) Ahmad (14), for a leader (15) is indispensable whenever people come together.

(1) Manuscript (A): “two *ʿinān* partners”; manuscript (B): “two partners in an *ʿinān* partnership.” “Legally recognized” is omitted from manuscript (‘Ayn). (2) “Command” is omitted from manuscripts (A) and (B). (3) “He” is omitted from manuscripts (A) and (B). (4) Manuscripts (N) and (‘Ayn): “and governed”; manuscript (M): “and both governed.” (5) Manuscript (B) alone: “that they manage [it],” which is a typographical error. (6) Manuscripts (N), (M), and (‘Ayn): “then if.” (7) Manuscript (N) alone: “to both of them,” which is an error. (8) Manuscripts (N), (M), and (‘Ayn): “when.” (9) Manuscripts (N), (M), and (‘Ayn): “and neither is.” (10) “One” is omitted from manuscripts (N), (M), and (‘Ayn). (11) Manuscripts (N) and (M): “to him.” (12) Manuscript (N): “for three people who are”; manuscript (M): “for three people that they be”; manuscript (‘Ayn): “for three people to be.” (13) “Imam” is omitted from manuscripts (N) and (M). (14) This hadith was cited earlier in this book, vol. 1, pp. 527–528. (15) Manuscript (N): “assuming leadership”; manuscript (M): “assuming command.”

شَرْعِيَّانِ (١) كَانَ مَا يَفْعَلَانِهِ مِنَ الْأَفْعَالِ رَاجِعًا إِلَى أَمْرِ (٢) الشَّارِعِ الَّذِي هُوَ (٣) فَوْقَهُمَا، أَوْ رَاجِعًا (٤) إِلَى قَوْلِ أَهْلِ الْخِبْرَةِ بِالتِّجَارَةِ الَّتِي اشْتَرَكَا فِيهَا، فَعَلَيْهِمَا أَنْ يُرِيدَا (٥) ذَلِكَ، فَإِنْ (٦) تَنَازَعَا فَصَلَ بَيْنَهُمَا الشَّارِعُ أَوْ أَهْلُ الْخِبْرَةِ الَّذِينَ عَلَيْهِمَا أَنْ يَرْجِعَا إِلَيْهِمْ (٧) وَعَلَى ذَلِكَ تَشَارَكَا وَتَشَارَطَا. وَأَمَّا إِنْ (٨) لَمْ يَرْجِعَا إِلَى ثَالِثٍ أَوْ لَمْ يَكُنْ (٩) أَحَدُهُمَا تَابِعًا لِلْآخَرِ فَيَمْتَنِعُ اشْتِرَاكُهُمَا، لَكِنْ قَدْ يَرْجِعُ هَذَا إِلَى هَذَا تَارَةً، وَهَذَا إِلَى هَذَا تَارَةً كَالْمُتَعَارِضَيْنِ، وَحِينَئِذٍ فَكُلُّ وَاحِدٍ (١٠) مِنْهُمَا حَالَ رُجُوعِ الْآخَرِ إِلَيْهِ (١١) هُوَ الْأَصْلُ، وَالْآخَرُ فَرْعٌ لَهُ. وَلِهَذَا وَجَبَ نَصْبُ الْإِمَارَةِ فِي أَقْصَرِ مُدَّةٍ وَأَقَلِّ اجْتِمَاعٍ، كَمَا قَالَ: النَّبِيُّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ -: " «لَا يَحِلُّ لِثَلَاثَةٍ أَنْ يَكُونُوا (١٢) فِي سَفَرٍ حَتَّى يُؤَمِّرُوا أَحَدَهُمْ» " . رَوَاهُ الْإِمَامُ (١٣) أَحْمَدُ (١٤) فَإِنَّ الرَّأْسَ (١٥) ضَرُورِيٌّ فِي الِاجْتِمَاعِ.

(١) أ: شَرِيكَيْنِ عَنَانٍ ; ب: شَرِيكَانِ شَرِكَةَ عَنَانٍ، وَسَقَطَتْ كَلِمَةُ شَرْعِيَّانِ مِنْ (ع) . (٢) أَمْرِ: سَاقِطَةٌ مِنْ (أ) ، (ب) . (٣) هُوَ: سَاقِطَةٌ مِنْ (أ) ، (ب) . (٤) ن، ع: وَرَاجِعًا، م: وَرَاجِعَانِ. (٥) ب فَقَطْ: أَنْ يُدِيرَا، وَهُوَ خَطَأٌ مَطْبَعِيٌّ. (٦) ن، م، ع: فَإِذَا. (٧) ن فَقَطْ: إِلَيْهِمَا، وَهُوَ خَطَأٌ. (٨) ن، م، ع: إِذَا. (٩) ن، م، ع: وَلَا يَكُونُ. (١٠) وَاحِدٍ: سَاقِطَةٌ مِنْ (ن) ، (م) ، (ع) . (١١) ن، م: لَهُ. (١٢) ن: لِثَلَاثَةٍ يَكُونُونَ، م: لِثَلَاثَةٍ أَنْ يَكُونُونَ، ع: لِثَلَاثَةٍ يَكُونُوا. (١٣) الْإِمَامُ: سَاقِطَةٌ مِنْ (ن) ، (م) . (١٤) مَضَى هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ مِنْ قَبْلُ فِي هَذَا الْكِتَابِ ١ - ٥٢٧ - ٥٢٨. (١٥) ن: التَّرَأُّسَ، م: التَّأَمُّرَ.